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Efficiency Analysis of Elementary Schools in Bratislava – A Two Step DEA Approach 布拉迪斯拉发小学的效率分析 - 两步 DEA 法
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2024-0001
Oliver Rafaj, Valéria Némethová
Education is a key area that should matter to the whole society. Measuring efficiency in education is a widely discussed academic and professional topic. The presented article focuses on investigating the efficiency of 57 elementary schools in the city of Bratislava. We used a two-step approach. In addition to measuring the output efficiency of elementary schools through the analysis of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA) with variable returns of scale (VRS), we also performed regression analyses to examine the connection between contextual variables and the measured output efficiency. The analysis shows that the achieved output efficiency is positively associated by the technical equipment of schools, staff in schools and the establishment (prestige) of schools in society. We noted a negative association with the number of students with special needs. Our findings can serve the city administration, as they can largely influence the monitored parameters by their own decision.
教育是关系到整个社会的关键领域。衡量教育效率是一个广泛讨论的学术和专业话题。本文重点调查了布拉迪斯拉发市 57 所小学的效率。我们采用了两步法。除了通过非参数数据包络分析法(DEA)与规模收益可变分析法(VRS)来衡量小学的产出效率外,我们还进行了回归分析,以研究环境变量与衡量的产出效率之间的联系。分析表明,学校的技术设备、学校的教职员工和学校在社会中的地位(声望)与产出效率呈正相关。我们注意到与有特殊需要的学生人数呈负相关。我们的研究结果可供城市管理部门参考,因为他们可以通过自己的决定在很大程度上影响监测参数。
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of renewable energy sector value added to the national economic development in Denmark: an empirical analysis 可再生能源部门的附加值对丹麦国民经济发展的贡献:实证分析
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2024-0003
Oleg Dubinskii
Examining the relationship between sustainability and economic development was covered by research over the past decades. The initial goal of the present research is to evaluate the contribution of renewable energy sector value added to the national economic development in Denmark. The research tasks of this study include assessment of carbon dioxide allowances and environmental taxation as well as the effect of other factors in terms of their contribution to the economic growth. The application of the regression analysis in order to examine the relationship between renewable energy industry and national economic development in Denmark shows that the increasing of renewable energy value added leads to the sizeable expansion of the gross domestic product. From the environmental-economic standpoint this is presumably the first research to make unambiguous conclusion, that proves significance of renewable energy value added for economic development in Denmark. Likewise, the results of the present study prove that expanding usage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) allowances in Denmark leads to quite considerable increase of the gross domestic product. Besides that, this study provided evidence regarding positive and statistically significant impact of the other factors on the economic growth.
在过去几十年中,对可持续性与经济发展之间关系的研究一直在进行。本研究的最初目标是评估可再生能源部门的附加值对丹麦国民经济发展的贡献。本研究的任务包括评估二氧化碳配额和环境税以及其他因素对经济增长的影响。应用回归分析法研究丹麦可再生能源产业与国民经济发展之间的关系表明,可再生能源附加值的增加会导致国内生产总值的大幅增长。从环境经济的角度来看,这可能是首次有研究得出明确结论,证明可再生能源附加值对丹麦经济发展的重要意义。同样,本研究的结果也证明,在丹麦扩大二氧化碳(CO₂)配额的使用会带来相当可观的国内生产总值增长。此外,本研究还提供了其他因素对经济增长产生积极影响的证据,而且这些影响在统计学上具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Housing Affordability in Czech and Polish Regions 捷克和波兰地区住房可负担性比较
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2024-0002
David Slavata, Eva Ardielli, Marta Maciejasz
Great differences are observed in the way of living, the quality of living, and the type of property ownership in individual countries of the world. However, housing affordability is currently a significant issue in every developed country. At the same time, it is also an important factor of economic development on both the national and regional level. The paper is focused on the comparison of housing affordability in the Czech and Polish regions. The presented research combines four different commonly used indicators of housing affordability (financial and physical) into a newly defined index and applies it to the Czech Republic and Poland regions for the period 2020-2022. The aim is the comparison of Czech and Polish regions according to the selected housing indicators and calculated standard housing affordability index SAI, which is a newly created index compiled by the authors. The result of the research is a calculation of housing availability in a total of 30 Czech and Polish regions and a comparison of the development of housing availability in 2020 and 2022 in these regions. The result of the research is the finding that the availability of housing in the Czech regions is on average lower than in the Polish regions and, in addition, that the availability has decreased compared to 2020 in both the Czech and Polish regions by 2022.
世界上各个国家在生活方式、生活质量和财产所有权类型方面存在巨大差异。然而,住房负担能力目前在每个发达国家都是一个重要问题。同时,它也是国家和地区经济发展的一个重要因素。本文的重点是比较捷克和波兰地区的住房负担能力。本研究将四种不同的常用住房可负担性指标(财务指标和实物指标)合并为一个新定义的指数,并将其应用于捷克共和国和波兰 2020-2022 年期间的地区。目的是根据选定的住房指标和计算得出的标准住房负担能力指数 SAI(作者新编制的指数),对捷克和波兰地区进行比较。研究结果是计算了捷克和波兰共 30 个地区的住房供应量,并比较了这些地区 2020 年和 2022 年住房供应量的发展情况。研究结果发现,捷克各地区的住房供应量平均低于波兰各地区,此外,到 2022 年,捷克和波兰各地区的住房供应量与 2020 年相比都有所下降。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Project Management Tools on Project Results: Evaluation of a Survey Among Managers Leading International Development Projects for four selected Central and Eastern European Donors 项目管理工具对项目成果的影响:对四家选定的中欧和东欧捐助者的国际发展项目管理人员的调查评估
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0010
Gabriela Dufková
As the success rate of international development projects might be still below expectations, several studies have explored whether and how the use of project management (PM) tools might improve internal and external project performance. This article looks specifically at four selected Central and Eastern European countries and evaluates a newly collected data set. Based on a survey, the study examines the adoption of PM tools among project managers in the region. Furthermore, with the use of cluster analysis, it suggests that the tools are adopted progressively in four stages that differ culturally from other international studies. Last but not least, using structural equation modelling, the research indicates that among the surveyed project managers, the use of stage 1 tools might directly contribute to the improvement of internal project results and that these internal results might then have a positive impact also on the external project performance.
由于国际发展项目的成功率可能仍然低于预期,一些研究探讨了项目管理(PM)工具的使用是否以及如何改善项目的内部和外部绩效。本文特别关注了四个选定的中东欧国家,并对新收集的数据集进行了评估。研究以一项调查为基础,探讨了该地区项目经理采用项目管理工具的情况。此外,通过使用聚类分析,文章指出,这些工具的采用分为四个阶段,在文化上与其他国际研究有所不同。最后但并非最不重要的一点是,研究利用结构方程模型表明,在接受调查的项目经理中,第 1 阶段工具的使用可能直接有助于改善项目的内部成果,而这些内部成果可能会对项目的外部绩效产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tony Lawson on money 托尼-劳森谈钱
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0012
Josef Menšík
Tony Lawson, the leading figure of the Cambridge Social Ontology Group, recently published a series of papers devoted to the question of the nature of money. These contributions have to be understood in the context of his broader approach to social ontology, the so called social positioning theory. While at first glance Lawson’s monetary ideas might appear disconnected and sometimes even contradictory or mistaken, there is a consistent vision behind them which is Lawson general social ontology. Lawson’s elaboration of the nature of money is not the only one compatible with the social positioning theory and an alternative one is briefly proposed in the paper. While systematising various Lawson’s monetary contributions, attention has been paid to several particular discrepancies and mistakes and their rectification. At the end of the paper, some lessons from analysing Lawson’s monetary contributions are drawn for his general approach to social ontology.
剑桥社会本体论小组(Cambridge Social Ontology Group)的领军人物托尼-劳森(Tony Lawson)最近发表了一系列论文,专门探讨货币的本质问题。这些贡献必须结合他更广泛的社会本体论方法,即所谓的社会定位理论来理解。乍一看,劳森的货币思想似乎互不关联,有时甚至相互矛盾或有误,但在这些思想的背后却有一个一致的观点,这就是劳森的一般社会本体论。劳森对货币本质的阐述并非唯一符合社会定位理论的观点,本文简要提出了另一种观点。在对劳森的各种货币贡献进行系统梳理的同时,也注意到了一些特殊的差异和错误及其纠正。最后,本文通过分析劳森的货币贡献,为其社会本体论的一般方法提供了一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
When Daces Bite Deeper than Sharks – Does the SMEs Public Subsidy Dose Matter? 当 "花脸 "比 "鲨鱼 "咬得更紧时--中小企业的公共补贴剂量是否重要?
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0009
Václav Špetlík, Jan Čadil
One of the EU's main priorities is to boost the competitiveness of its member states through subsidies from the European Structural Funds. As SMEs are key elements of competitiveness, their support through various subsidy programmes is important. However, as our research shows, the distribution of funds among SMEs is highly unequal. While some SMEs are very successful in obtaining subsidies, others (especially the smallest ones) are not. Using a robust dataset of Czech companies, we have identified subsidy ‘sharks‘ receiving multiple times more funds, compared to mediocre ‘salmons‘ and lowly supported ‘daces‘. While using counterfactual design with control for a subsidy dose and taking labour productivity as a proxy for competitiveness, we have found out that the subsidy dose really matters. It seems that the higher the dose, the lower the impact on competitiveness. Since, on average, subsidies led to higher competitiveness of beneficiaries, the subsidy daces significantly outpaced sharks. From a policy perspective, limiting support per beneficiary could lead to higher effectiveness of support programmes. This study also highlights the importance of the subsidy dose in evaluation practice and research.
欧盟的主要优先事项之一是通过欧洲结构基金的补贴来提高其成员国的竞争力。由于中小型企业是竞争力的关键因素,因此通过各种补贴计划为它们提供支持非常重要。然而,我们的研究表明,中小企业之间的资金分配极不平等。一些中小企业在获得补贴方面非常成功,而另一些中小企业(尤其是最小的企业)则不然。利用捷克企业的强大数据集,我们发现获得补贴的 "鲨鱼 "比平庸的 "鲑鱼 "和支持率低的 "小鱼 "获得的资金多出数倍。我们采用反事实设计来控制补贴剂量,并将劳动生产率作为竞争力的替代指标,结果发现补贴剂量确实很重要。似乎补贴剂量越大,对竞争力的影响就越小。由于平均而言,补贴提高了受益者的竞争力,因此补贴剂量明显超过了鲨鱼剂量。从政策角度看,限制对每个受益人的支持可以提高支持计划的有效性。本研究还强调了补贴剂量在评估实践和研究中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Project Management Tools on Project Results: Evaluation of a Survey Among Managers Leading International Development Projects for four selected Central and Eastern European Donors 项目管理工具对项目成果的影响:对四家选定的中欧和东欧捐助者的国际发展项目管理人员的调查评估
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0010
Gabriela Dufková
Abstract As the success rate of international development projects might be still below expectations, several studies have explored whether and how the use of project management (PM) tools might improve internal and external project performance. This article looks specifically at four selected Central and Eastern European countries and evaluates a newly collected data set. Based on a survey, the study examines the adoption of PM tools among project managers in the region. Furthermore, with the use of cluster analysis, it suggests that the tools are adopted progressively in four stages that differ culturally from other international studies. Last but not least, using structural equation modelling, the research indicates that among the surveyed project managers, the use of stage 1 tools might directly contribute to the improvement of internal project results and that these internal results might then have a positive impact also on the external project performance.
摘要 由于国际发展项目的成功率可能仍然低于预期,一些研究探讨了项目管理(PM)工具的 使用是否以及如何改善项目的内部和外部绩效。本文特别关注了四个选定的中东欧国家,并对新收集的数据集进行了评估。研究以一项调查为基础,探讨了该地区项目经理采用项目管理工具的情况。此外,通过使用聚类分析,文章指出,这些工具的采用分为四个阶段,在文化上与其他国际研究有所不同。最后但并非最不重要的一点是,研究利用结构方程模型表明,在接受调查的项目经理中,第 1 阶段工具的使用可能直接有助于改善项目的内部成果,而这些内部成果可能会对项目的外部绩效产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tony Lawson on money 托尼-劳森谈钱
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0012
Josef Mensík
Abstract Tony Lawson, the leading figure of the Cambridge Social Ontology Group, recently published a series of papers devoted to the question of the nature of money. These contributions have to be understood in the context of his broader approach to social ontology, the so called social positioning theory. While at first glance Lawson’s monetary ideas might appear disconnected and sometimes even contradictory or mistaken, there is a consistent vision behind them which is Lawson general social ontology. Lawson’s elaboration of the nature of money is not the only one compatible with the social positioning theory and an alternative one is briefly proposed in the paper. While systematising various Lawson’s monetary contributions, attention has been paid to several particular discrepancies and mistakes and their rectification. At the end of the paper, some lessons from analysing Lawson’s monetary contributions are drawn for his general approach to social ontology.
摘要 剑桥社会本体论小组的领军人物托尼-劳森(Tony Lawson)最近发表了一系列论文,专门探讨货币的本质问题。我们必须结合他的社会本体论(即所谓的社会定位理论)这一更广泛的方法来理解他的这些贡献。乍一看,劳森的货币思想似乎互不关联,有时甚至相互矛盾或有误,但在这些思想的背后却有一个一致的观点,这就是劳森的一般社会本体论。劳森对货币本质的阐述并非唯一符合社会定位理论的观点,本文简要提出了另一种观点。在对劳森的各种货币贡献进行系统梳理的同时,也注意到了一些特殊的差异和错误及其纠正。最后,本文通过分析劳森的货币贡献,为其社会本体论的一般方法提供了一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
Demand for urban public transport in the Czech Republic 捷克共和国城市公共交通需求
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0011
Horáček Vojtěch, Slintáková Barbora
Abstract The research aims to analyse the influence of selected factors on the demand for urban public transport in the Czech Republic. Urban public transport is important publicly provided service worldwide. In the Czech Republic this means public ownership of transport companies and massive subsidies from municipal budgets. In line with the literature, we tested the effects of the fares, the quality of services offered, the population´s income, car ownership, the urban population´s size and employment level. Using cointegration and regression analyses of data for 2004 to 2019, we constructed unique demand models for selected cities. Our analysis revealed a positive effect of quality, fuel price (as a cost associated with car ownership), and the urban population´s size. In contrast, unemployment and the price of fares have a negative effect on demand. The income effect depends on whether the transport company operates vehicles that cope better with traffic congestion.
摘要 研究旨在分析选定因素对捷克共和国城市公共交通需求的影响。城市公共交通是全球重要的公共服务。在捷克共和国,这意味着运输公司的公有制和来自市政预算的大量补贴。根据相关文献,我们测试了票价、所提供服务的质量、居民收入、汽车拥有量、城市人口规模和就业水平等因素的影响。通过对 2004 年至 2019 年的数据进行协整和回归分析,我们为选定的城市构建了独特的需求模型。我们的分析表明,质量、燃料价格(作为与汽车所有权相关的成本)和城市人口规模具有积极影响。相比之下,失业率和票价对需求有负面影响。收入效应取决于运输公司运营的车辆是否能更好地应对交通拥堵。
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引用次数: 0
When Daces Bite Deeper than Sharks – Does the SMEs Public Subsidy Dose Matter? 当 "花脸 "比 "鲨鱼 "咬得更紧时--中小企业的公共补贴剂量是否重要?
IF 0.7 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2023-0009
Václav Špetlík, Jan Čadil
Abstract One of the EU's main priorities is to boost the competitiveness of its member states through subsidies from the European Structural Funds. As SMEs are key elements of competitiveness, their support through various subsidy programmes is important. However, as our research shows, the distribution of funds among SMEs is highly unequal. While some SMEs are very successful in obtaining subsidies, others (especially the smallest ones) are not. Using a robust dataset of Czech companies, we have identified subsidy ‘sharks‘ receiving multiple times more funds, compared to mediocre ‘salmons‘ and lowly supported ‘daces‘. While using counterfactual design with control for a subsidy dose and taking labour productivity as a proxy for competitiveness, we have found out that the subsidy dose really matters. It seems that the higher the dose, the lower the impact on competitiveness. Since, on average, subsidies led to higher competitiveness of beneficiaries, the subsidy daces significantly outpaced sharks. From a policy perspective, limiting support per beneficiary could lead to higher effectiveness of support programmes. This study also highlights the importance of the subsidy dose in evaluation practice and research.
摘要 欧盟的主要优先事项之一是通过欧洲结构基金的补贴来提高其成员国的竞争力。由于中小型企业是竞争力的关键因素,因此通过各种补贴计划为它们提供支持非常重要。然而,我们的研究表明,中小企业之间的资金分配极不平等。一些中小企业在获得补贴方面非常成功,而另一些中小企业(尤其是最小的企业)则不然。利用捷克企业的强大数据集,我们发现获得补贴的 "鲨鱼 "比平庸的 "鲑鱼 "和支持率低的 "小鱼 "获得的资金多出数倍。我们采用反事实设计来控制补贴剂量,并将劳动生产率作为竞争力的替代指标,结果发现补贴剂量确实很重要。似乎补贴剂量越大,对竞争力的影响就越小。由于平均而言,补贴提高了受益者的竞争力,因此补贴剂量明显超过了鲨鱼剂量。从政策角度看,限制对每个受益人的支持可以提高支持计划的有效性。本研究还强调了补贴剂量在评估实践和研究中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Review of Economic Perspectives
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