A Historical Overview of the Computerization of the Internal Revenue Service

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is charged with enforcing the U.S. tax code and has historically fulfilled this charge efficiently. The IRS is among the most cost-effective government agencies, costing just 33 cents for each $100 it collects (Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 2021a). The effectiveness of the agency is associated with factors like a relatively high voluntary compliance rate and the use of technology to improve audits and enhance taxpayer service. Technology-supported audits have dual roles; they increase perceived detection, which deters noncompliance, and they increase actual detection, which identifies noncompliers; both roles help to improve revenue collection. Technology-supported taxpayer service increases the cost-efficiency of the agency and taxpayer satisfaction. This study provides a historical overview of the computerization of the IRS, noting obstacles, like budget constraints, politicization of the agency, historically short leadership tenure, risks associated with private-sector contracts, and taxpayer privacy concerns.