Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company was created in the early 20th century, as two lumber giants pooled their expertise with local lumber resources to create a company and town. The combination was successful, even though the company had reduced operations prior to the start of World War II. The Archives at the University of West Florida contain many historical documents of the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company, which provide great insight into the financial, accounting, and operational aspects of the company during its over 50 years of existence. Of particular interest are the years during the U.S. involvement in World War II, as the company faced many challenges and opportunities. The research question, “What impact did World War II have on the accounting and financial activities conducted at the company?” is addressed, with documentation to show a greater cost-consciousness, along with more detailed and refined financial reporting, developed during this period.
{"title":"The Impact of World War II on Accounting and Finance at the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company in Century, Florida","authors":"Barbara S. White","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2023-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2023-007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company was created in the early 20th century, as two lumber giants pooled their expertise with local lumber resources to create a company and town. The combination was successful, even though the company had reduced operations prior to the start of World War II. The Archives at the University of West Florida contain many historical documents of the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company, which provide great insight into the financial, accounting, and operational aspects of the company during its over 50 years of existence. Of particular interest are the years during the U.S. involvement in World War II, as the company faced many challenges and opportunities. The research question, “What impact did World War II have on the accounting and financial activities conducted at the company?” is addressed, with documentation to show a greater cost-consciousness, along with more detailed and refined financial reporting, developed during this period.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yvette J. Lazdowski, Stephan A. Fafatas, Brandi L. Holley
This paper, the fourth in a series covering the history of the Academy of Accounting Historians (The Academy) since its founding in 1973, recounts and details the leadership, publication, activities, and events of the period 2014–2023 from the viewpoint of individuals who have served as officers, trustees, or members of The Academy. The earlier histories of The Academy appeared in this journal in December 1989 (1973–1988), December 1998 (1989–1998), and December 2014 (1999–2013) and provide a similar profile of the organization for those periods, with a summary evaluation as part of the conclusion. The Academy proudly celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2023. One of the three authors of this study was also a coauthor of the previous study. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: M00.
{"title":"A History of the Academy of Accounting Historians: 2014–2023","authors":"Yvette J. Lazdowski, Stephan A. Fafatas, Brandi L. Holley","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2024-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2024-010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper, the fourth in a series covering the history of the Academy of Accounting Historians (The Academy) since its founding in 1973, recounts and details the leadership, publication, activities, and events of the period 2014–2023 from the viewpoint of individuals who have served as officers, trustees, or members of The Academy. The earlier histories of The Academy appeared in this journal in December 1989 (1973–1988), December 1998 (1989–1998), and December 2014 (1999–2013) and provide a similar profile of the organization for those periods, with a summary evaluation as part of the conclusion. The Academy proudly celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2023. One of the three authors of this study was also a coauthor of the previous study.\u0000 Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.\u0000 JEL Classifications: M00.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Diacont was the first Director of Registration and Inspections for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Diacont joined the PCAOB in March 2003, shortly after it commenced operations. His approach was to build a team of highly skilled professionals and encourage them to contribute their best ideas. His leadership style was to support his team, listen to their ideas, and make the best decisions possible without concern for praise or recognition. He also worked to instill a “regulatory attitude” in the former auditors who had become inspectors. This paper describes Diacont’s long and distinguished career in government service beginning with his military service in the U.S. Marine Corps. He spent 24 years at the Securities and Exchange Commission and five years in the Listing Investigation group at the NASDAQ stock market. He served nearly eight years at the PCAOB before he retired in 2011. JEL Classifications: M4.
{"title":"The First PCAOB Director of Registration and Inspections George Henry Diacont","authors":"J. D. Keyser","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2023-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2023-030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 George Diacont was the first Director of Registration and Inspections for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Diacont joined the PCAOB in March 2003, shortly after it commenced operations. His approach was to build a team of highly skilled professionals and encourage them to contribute their best ideas. His leadership style was to support his team, listen to their ideas, and make the best decisions possible without concern for praise or recognition. He also worked to instill a “regulatory attitude” in the former auditors who had become inspectors. This paper describes Diacont’s long and distinguished career in government service beginning with his military service in the U.S. Marine Corps. He spent 24 years at the Securities and Exchange Commission and five years in the Listing Investigation group at the NASDAQ stock market. He served nearly eight years at the PCAOB before he retired in 2011.\u0000 JEL Classifications: M4.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kuter, Charles Richard Baker, M. Gurskaya, R. Sagitova
This study examines how bookkeeping was used to determine the financial results of the Datini Partnership in Pisa in the late 14th century. It highlights the difference between accounting procedures in a medieval partnership and accounting procedures in individual medieval enterprises and over time. Building upon previous studies, the analysis of archival documents and the construction of a model of the flow of information between accounts and account books reveals the details of the bookkeeping procedures in the firm and a complete picture of the calculation of the financial result of the partnership in 1394. The study found that the need for the partnership to identify profits resulted in a change in the bookkeeping method for inventory that improved the information quality when used in the process of identifying operating results and the overall financial result. JEL Classifications: M41; N83.
{"title":"Peculiarities of Accounting Practices in Francesco Datini’s Partnership in Pisa","authors":"M. Kuter, Charles Richard Baker, M. Gurskaya, R. Sagitova","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2021-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2021-024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines how bookkeeping was used to determine the financial results of the Datini Partnership in Pisa in the late 14th century. It highlights the difference between accounting procedures in a medieval partnership and accounting procedures in individual medieval enterprises and over time. Building upon previous studies, the analysis of archival documents and the construction of a model of the flow of information between accounts and account books reveals the details of the bookkeeping procedures in the firm and a complete picture of the calculation of the financial result of the partnership in 1394. The study found that the need for the partnership to identify profits resulted in a change in the bookkeeping method for inventory that improved the information quality when used in the process of identifying operating results and the overall financial result.\u0000 JEL Classifications: M41; N83.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This paper provides a summary of the accounting history literature relating to India and provides suggestions for potential future research. The paper also identifies key events in standard setting between 1973 and 2023 and presents an exploratory analysis of the introduction of standard setting in India in 1977, highlighting both local and international factors influencing the process. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
{"title":"Exploring Accounting History: Literature and Standard Setting in India","authors":"Shraddha Verma","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2023-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2023-013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides a summary of the accounting history literature relating to India and provides suggestions for potential future research. The paper also identifies key events in standard setting between 1973 and 2023 and presents an exploratory analysis of the introduction of standard setting in India in 1977, highlighting both local and international factors influencing the process. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This research offers an in-depth examination of the early financial reporting culture in Republican Turkey, using the Uşak Terakki-i Ziraat Turkish Joint Stock Company (Uşak Sugar Company) as a case study. The analysis of the company's financial statements from 1925 and 1931 reveals the development of financial reporting practices during a transformative period, marked by industrialization efforts and the introduction of the 1926 Turkish Commercial Code and Income Tax Law. The study identifies both progress and challenges in financial reporting, including detailed fixed assets classifications, accounting irregularities, inadequate auditing and working capital management practices. The findings indicate that these issues, alongside macroeconomic factors, have contributed to the company’s liquidation in 1932. This failure could have indirectly catalyzed a shift toward statist economic policies in the 1930s. JEL Classifications: M41; O14.
摘要本研究以u ak terakki - Ziraat土耳其股份公司(u ak Sugar Company)为案例，对共和土耳其早期的财务报告文化进行了深入研究。对1925年至1931年公司财务报表的分析揭示了财务报告实践在转型时期的发展，以工业化努力和1926年土耳其商法典和所得税法的引入为标志。该研究确定了财务报告方面的进展和挑战，包括详细的固定资产分类、会计违规、审计不足和营运资金管理做法。研究结果表明，这些问题与宏观经济因素一起，导致了公司在1932年的清算。这一失败可能间接催化了20世纪30年代向中央集权经济政策的转变。JEL分类:M41;O14。
{"title":"Revisiting Uşak Terakki-i Ziraat Turkish Joint Stock Company (1925–1931): A Case Study of Turkey’s Early Financial Reporting Culture","authors":"Batuhan Güvemli, Muhsin Aslan","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2023-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2023-009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research offers an in-depth examination of the early financial reporting culture in Republican Turkey, using the Uşak Terakki-i Ziraat Turkish Joint Stock Company (Uşak Sugar Company) as a case study. The analysis of the company's financial statements from 1925 and 1931 reveals the development of financial reporting practices during a transformative period, marked by industrialization efforts and the introduction of the 1926 Turkish Commercial Code and Income Tax Law. The study identifies both progress and challenges in financial reporting, including detailed fixed assets classifications, accounting irregularities, inadequate auditing and working capital management practices. The findings indicate that these issues, alongside macroeconomic factors, have contributed to the company’s liquidation in 1932. This failure could have indirectly catalyzed a shift toward statist economic policies in the 1930s. JEL Classifications: M41; O14.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135849073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT From the onset of World War II, America needed men of integrity, ability, and proven leadership to facilitate the wartime economy—the nation turned to CPAs for help. In 1941, the president of the American Institute of Accountants, N. Loyall McLaren, stepped away from his accounting firm and from his Institute presidency to serve in the U.S. Navy where he handled a variety of accounting-related duties. McLaren was a pioneer California CPA, serving as a partner in the largest firm in the Golden State, and had served as president of the California Society of CPAs. He later was a powerful business leader in the San Francisco area; his firm eventually merged with Haskins & Sells. This is the story of Commander (later Rear Admiral; also Army Brigadier General) McLaren and his service to the nation and the profession during World War II and thereafter.
从第二次世界大战开始，美国就需要正直、有能力、有领导力的人来促进战时经济——于是美国向注册会计师寻求帮助。1941年，美国会计师协会(American Institute of Accountants)主席N. Loyall McLaren离开了他的会计师事务所和协会主席职位，在美国海军服役，处理各种与会计相关的职责。麦克拉伦是加州注册会计师的先驱，在金州最大的公司担任合伙人，并曾担任加州注册会计师协会主席。后来，他成为旧金山地区一位有影响力的商界领袖;他的公司最终与哈斯金斯公司合并;销售。这是指挥官(后来的海军少将;也是陆军准将)麦克拉伦以及他在二战期间和之后为国家和职业所做的贡献。
{"title":"Rear Admiral N. Loyall McLaren: The Highest-Ranking CPA in the U.S. Navy","authors":"Mark E. Jobe, Dale L. Flesher","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2020-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2020-026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From the onset of World War II, America needed men of integrity, ability, and proven leadership to facilitate the wartime economy—the nation turned to CPAs for help. In 1941, the president of the American Institute of Accountants, N. Loyall McLaren, stepped away from his accounting firm and from his Institute presidency to serve in the U.S. Navy where he handled a variety of accounting-related duties. McLaren was a pioneer California CPA, serving as a partner in the largest firm in the Golden State, and had served as president of the California Society of CPAs. He later was a powerful business leader in the San Francisco area; his firm eventually merged with Haskins & Sells. This is the story of Commander (later Rear Admiral; also Army Brigadier General) McLaren and his service to the nation and the profession during World War II and thereafter.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide additional data and insight regarding the recent history of Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Company (BWGC) by T. Flesher, D. Flesher, and Previts (2023). BWGC was a national public accountancy firms founded by British accountants in the U.S. in 1883. It merged with a global firm in 1950. The study provides information about 62 British accountants who had immigrated to the U.S. by the outbreak of World War I and subsequent employment with BWGC. The study includes additional data on the main BWGC founder and illustrates biographical discrepancy due to use of secondary sources.
本研究的目的是为Barrow, Wade, Guthrie &公司(BWGC)， T. Flesher, D. Flesher，和Previts(2023)。BWGC是1883年由英国会计师在美国创立的全国性公共会计师事务所。它于1950年与一家全球性公司合并。这项研究提供了62名英国会计师的信息，他们在第一次世界大战爆发时移民到美国，随后受雇于BWGC。该研究包括了BWGC主要创始人的额外数据，并说明了由于使用二手资料而导致的传记差异。
{"title":"The British Influence on Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Company, 1883–1950","authors":"Thomas A. Lee","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2023-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2023-026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide additional data and insight regarding the recent history of Barrow, Wade, Guthrie & Company (BWGC) by T. Flesher, D. Flesher, and Previts (2023). BWGC was a national public accountancy firms founded by British accountants in the U.S. in 1883. It merged with a global firm in 1950. The study provides information about 62 British accountants who had immigrated to the U.S. by the outbreak of World War I and subsequent employment with BWGC. The study includes additional data on the main BWGC founder and illustrates biographical discrepancy due to use of secondary sources.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC's) application of accounting to achieve public policy goals for the U.S. railroad industry. The ICC began in 1887 with a mandate to ensure competition in the transportation industry, with rate oversight as one tool. During the Progressive Era, from 1901 to 1921, the ICC used accounting to ensure rate equity; a second implicit goal was to reduce the rail industry's informational asymmetries to investors, morphing over time to ensuring a reasonable return to investors. In the 1920s, the ICC used accounting to reduce securities speculation, facilitate regional rail consolidation, and govern industry finance. This accounting-based model of regulation continued until the Great Depression of the 1930s, when new economic circumstances called into question the ICC's ability to serve the most pressing public policy concerns. The technologies used by the ICC, however, continued to be exploited by other regulatory bodies.
{"title":"From Rate Regulation to Financial Control: Accounting and Public Policy at the Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887–1933","authors":"Paul J. Miranti, Jr., D. Collier, Dan Palmon","doi":"10.2308/aahj-2022-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/aahj-2022-027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC's) application of accounting to achieve public policy goals for the U.S. railroad industry. The ICC began in 1887 with a mandate to ensure competition in the transportation industry, with rate oversight as one tool. During the Progressive Era, from 1901 to 1921, the ICC used accounting to ensure rate equity; a second implicit goal was to reduce the rail industry's informational asymmetries to investors, morphing over time to ensuring a reasonable return to investors. In the 1920s, the ICC used accounting to reduce securities speculation, facilitate regional rail consolidation, and govern industry finance. This accounting-based model of regulation continued until the Great Depression of the 1930s, when new economic circumstances called into question the ICC's ability to serve the most pressing public policy concerns. The technologies used by the ICC, however, continued to be exploited by other regulatory bodies.","PeriodicalId":43735,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Historians Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41772462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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