Relaciones entre habilidades psicológicas y lesiones deportivas en softbolistas cubanas de élite [Relationships between Psychological Skills and Sports Injuries in Elite Cuban Softball Players]

Resumen La presente investigacion se realiza en el campo de las lesiones en el deporte con el proposito de identificar su relacion con las habilidades psicologicas de ejecucion deportiva. Se realizo un estudio de 21 deportistas femeninas de alto rendimiento integrantes del equipo nacional cubano de Softbol a las que se les aplico el Cuestionario de Aspectos Deportivos y Lesiones y el Inventario Psicologico de Ejecucion Deportiva. Los resultados muestran un alto porcentaje de lesiones en las deportistas, cuyo perfil psicologico grupal se encuentra configurado por elevados niveles de Autoconfianza, Nivel Motivacional, Control de Afrontamiento Positivo y Control de la Actitud. Ademas se evidencia que las deportistas con menor autoconfianza, control emocional y de la actitud se han lesionado en mas oportunidades y han presentado lesiones de mayor gravedad respectivamente. Tambien se muestra que dentro del grupo de deportistas con antecedentes de lesiones existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas, ya que poseen valores medios inferiores de autoconfianza y control de afrontamiento negativo las que mas lesiones han sufrido. Se discuten los resultados. Abstract The present research is framed in the field of sports inju­ries, having as object of study its relation with the psycho­logical skills of sports performance. A study of 21 high-performance female athletes members of the Cuban na­tional softball team was carried out, to which the Sports Aspects and Injuries Questionnaire and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were applied. The results show a high percentage of injuries in athletes, whose group psychological profile is configured by high levels of Self-Confidence, Motivational Level, Positive Coping Control and Attitude Control. It is also evidenced that ath­letes with less self-confidence, emotional control and atti­tude have been injured in more opportunities and have pre­sented more serious injuries respectively. It is also shown that within the group of athletes with a history of injuries there are statistically significant differences, since they have lower average values of self-confidence and negative coping control those who have suffered the most injuries. The results are discussed.