揭开活膜波动和力学的活跃本质

IF 14.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI:10.1146/ANNUREV-CONMATPHYS-031218-013757
H. Turlier, T. Betz
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引用次数: 29

摘要

在过去的几十年里,软凝聚态物理提供了许多相关的概念和方法,从而成功地描述了活细胞和生物组织。最近对生物系统的定量物理描述深刻地推进了我们对生命的理解,它正在从描述层面转向预测层面。与凝聚态物理中研究的其他活性材料一样,生物材料仍然对现代物理学提出了巨大的挑战,因为它们形成了一类特殊的非平衡系统。主动驱动膜的研究已经进行了二十多年,这得益于膜物理学的快速发展和重组活性膜的实验发展。然而,对活生物膜内活动的物理描述仍然是一个关键的挑战,它激发了一个充满活力的研究界,将物理学家和生物学家聚集在一起。在这里,我们首先回顾了过去二十年的实验和理论进展,这些进展使活性膜的机械性能和非平衡波动的表征成为可能。我们区分源自膜蛋白或外部相互作用(如细胞骨架力)的活性过程。然后,我们专注于红细胞闪烁的标志性案例,其活跃的起源已经争论了几十年,直到最近。最后,我们通过讨论这个跨学科领域的未来挑战来结束这次回顾。
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Unveiling the Active Nature of Living-Membrane Fluctuations and Mechanics
Soft-condensed matter physics has provided, in the past decades, many of the relevant concepts and methods allowing successful description of living cells and biological tissues. This recent quantitative physical description of biological systems has profoundly advanced our understanding of life, which is shifting from a descriptive to a predictive level. Like other active materials investigated in condensed matter physics, biological materials still pose great challenges to modern physics as they form a specific class of nonequilibrium systems. Actively driven membranes have been studied for more than two decades, taking advantage of rapid progress in membrane physics and in the experimental development of reconstituted active membranes. The physical description of activity within living biological membranes remains, however, a key challenge that animates a dynamic research community, bringing together physicists and biologists. Here, we first review the past two decades of experimental and theoretical advances that enabled the characterization of mechanical properties and nonequilibrium fluctuations in active membranes. We distinguish active processes originating from membrane proteins or from external interactions, such as cytoskeletal forces. Then, we focus on the emblematic case of red blood cell flickering, the active origin of which has been debated for decades until recently. We finally close this review by discussing future challenges in this ever more interdisciplinary field.
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来源期刊
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER-
CiteScore
47.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 2010, the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics has been chronicling significant advancements in the field and its related subjects. By highlighting recent developments and offering critical evaluations, the journal actively contributes to the ongoing discourse in condensed matter physics. The latest volume of the journal has transitioned from gated access to open access, facilitated by Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open initiative. Under this program, all articles are now published under a CC BY license, ensuring broader accessibility and dissemination of knowledge.
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