Permeability and Porosity of Artificial-Similar Material for Biomimetic Geotechnical Engineering via Direct Ink Writing for Sustainability.

Direct ink writing of multiple mineral materials (M³) coupled with simulation analysis is an optimization solution in accordance with low-carbon and sustainable manufacturing. It improves the ability to imitate natural biological iterative optimization, and accurately obtained data for geological model tests to effectively help prevent natural disasters. This article investigates the effects of equivalent materials on the direct ink writing and permeability behaviors through geological simulation models. The mineral compositions provide adjustable cohesion and compression coefficient properties and considerably improve the stability and dispersion of slurry by adjusting parameters such as the viscosity, filling ratio, and deposition height. The upper limit of the permeability depends on the designed macropores and the printing accuracy because macro features provide pathways for rapid water infiltration into the printed specimen. This research establishes guidelines for the fabrication of components with tailored and designed-pore-dependent permeability properties that are primarily for slope geotechnical engineering applications.