A一个世纪以来新西兰牧草种子繁殖业的杂草变化

IF 3.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Neobiota Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI:10.3897/neobiota.85.100825
J. Rubenstein, P. Hulme, M. Rolston, A. Stewart, J. Hampton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

国际种子贸易为杂草种子提供了重要的引进途径,许多全球公认的杂草起源于农业种子批次的污染物。管理这些贸易系统有助于减少农业损失,是防止未来生物入侵的重要手段。草料作物的种子区被认为比耕地和蔬菜作物的种子区风险更高,因为草料作物的种子区被污染的比例更高。世界上最常用的两种温带饲料作物是多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和白三叶草(Trifolium repens)。新西兰是全球最大的这些作物种子生产国之一,这两种种子在新西兰的牧场上都很常用。利用历史和当前种子批次分析纯度测试结果,研究了1912年至2019年新西兰多年生黑麦草和白三叶农业种子批次中杂草种子的频率、特征和时间变化。总体而言,在研究期间,受污染的牧草种子批次的百分比下降了大约三到六倍,这表明除草剂的可用性、种子认证和改进的作物管理对杂草控制是有效的。然而,我们发现了一些一年生杂草物种,它们在未来可能会变得更有问题,要么是因为它们在种子批次中呈现出越来越多的存在趋势,要么是被认为是最常见的污染物。2019年,多年生黑麦草种子地块中最常见的污染物为溴化Vulpia bromoides,白三叶草种子地块中最常见的污染物为Chenopodium album。多年生黑麦草种子数量在研究期内增加最多的是雪梨和年草,两者都有增加趋势。相反,在两种作物中,牛蒡的存在率下降幅度最大。在不同的研究作物中,杂草所占的污染物种百分比存在显著差异,其中多年生黑麦草种子地块的草种类大约是白三叶草的四倍。考虑到新西兰与世界上大约一半的国家进行作物种子贸易,并为全球饲料种子供应做出了重大贡献,我们的研究为上个世纪整个种子播种系统的杂草谱变化提供了独特的见解。
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A century of weed change in New Zealand’s forage seed multiplication industry
International seed trading provides a significant introductory pathway for weed seeds, and many globally established weeds originated as contaminants in agricultural seed lots. Management of these trade systems helps minimize agricultural losses and is an important means of preventing future biological incursions. Forage crop seed lots could be considered higher risk than seed lots of arable and vegetable crops, as they have been found to have a higher percentage of contaminated seed lots. Two of the most commonly used temperate forage crops worldwide are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). New Zealand is one of the top producers of these crop seeds globally, and both species are commonly used in New Zealand pastures. Using historical and current seed lot analytical purity test results, we examined the frequency, identity and temporal changes of weed seeds found within agricultural seed lots of perennial ryegrass and white clover grown in New Zealand from 1912 to 2019. Overall, the percentage of contaminated forage seed lots decreased between approximately three to sixfold over the study period, indicating that herbicide availability, seed certification and improved crop management have been effective for weed control. However, we identified a handful of annual weed species that could become more problematic in the future, either because they showed an increasing presence trend in seed lots or were identified as the most common contaminants. In 2019, Vulpia bromoides was the most common contaminant in perennial ryegrass seed lots, and Chenopodium album was the most common in white clover seed lots. Sherardia arvensis and Poa annua, both significant species with an increasing presence trend, had the largest increases in perennial ryegrass seed lots over the study period. Conversely, Rumex acetosella had the largest presence decline for both crop species. There was a significant difference between the percentage of contaminant species that were grass weeds between study crops, where perennial ryegrass seed lots had approximately four times more grass species than white clover. Considering New Zealand trades crop seed with approximately half of the world’s countries and contributes substantially to the global supply of forage seed, our study provides a unique insight into changes of the weed spectrum throughout the seed for sowing system over the last century.
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来源期刊
Neobiota
Neobiota Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
7.80%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: NeoBiota is a peer-reviewed, open-access, rapid online journal launched to accelerate research on alien species and biological invasions: aquatic and terrestrial, animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. The journal NeoBiota is a continuation of the former NEOBIOTA publication series; for volumes 1-8 see http://www.oekosys.tu-berlin.de/menue/neobiota All articles are published immediately upon editorial approval. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.
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