Various Phenotypic Expressions of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve

The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable and difficult to compartmentalize. In the modern era, BAV has been reported to account for approximately 50% of the cases with severe aortic stenosis requiring surgery and has also been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool used to identify BAV. The clinical associations and high prevalence rate of BAV have added to the importance of this clinical inquiry. The present study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges associated with BAV, as well as the current knowledge on this complex entity.