管理美国西部适应火灾的入侵植物

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Outlooks on Pest Management Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI:10.1564/v33_oct_02
Matt Baur, B. Mealor, J. Burger, D. Fry, D. Erickson, L. Larios, J. James, K. Al‐Khatib, Josh S Davy, L. Forero, M. Rinella, Carol Randall, Noah Teller, J. Mangold
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类在很多方面影响着火。他们可以通过实施灭火协议来减少点火,或者通过意外或规定点火来增加火灾发生率。人为的气候变化会影响风速和温度,进而可能导致更危险的火灾行为。重要的是,人类也改变了植物群落的物种组成,或直接通过移动植物繁殖体,或间接通过影响气候,进而影响植物的地理分布。主要由于人类活动,美国西部已经见证了几种重要的适应火灾的外来植物物种的地理分布和严重程度的急剧增加,包括Bromus tectorum(草),Cenchrus ciliaris(牛耳草),Ventenata dubia (Ventenata), Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead), Arundo donax(巨芦苇)等。联合国最近的一项研究发现,“管理外来入侵植被对预防极端野火至关重要”。适应火灾的入侵植物的增加从根本上改变了美国西部的火灾制度,导致火灾更加频繁和强烈。火灾制度的改变对人类和环境健康产生了重大影响,并广泛威胁到社区的经济可持续性,特别是在荒地-城市界面。在加州,历史上最致命的20起火灾中有7起发生在过去5年,20起最具破坏性的火灾中有11起发生在过去5年。接触野火产生的烟雾会对整个地区造成严重的健康后果。与外来植物入侵相关的环境退化和严重的野火事件对珍稀、受威胁和濒危物种产生了重大影响。
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Managing Fire-Adapted Invasive Plants in the American West
Humans impact fire in many ways. They may reduce ignitions by implementing fire suppression protocols or increase fire incidence through accidental or prescriptive ignitions. Anthropogenic changes to climate affect wind speeds and temperature that in turn may translate to more dangerous fire behaviour. Importantly for this discussion, humans also change the species composition of plant communities either directly by moving plant propagules or indirectly by affecting climate which in turn affects the geographical distribution of plants. Largely because of human actions, Western United States have witnessed drastic increases in the geographic distribution and severity of several important fire-adapted exotic plant species including Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass), Ventenata dubia (ventenata), Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead), Arundo donax (giant reed), and others. A recent United Nations study finds "the management of invasive alien vegetation is crucial for the prevention of extreme wildfires". The increase of invasive plants that are fire-adapted has changed the fire regimes in the American West fundamentally leading to more frequent and intense fires. Altered fire regimes have significant human and environmental-health consequences and threaten the economic sustainability of communities broadly, especially in the wild-land-urban interface. In California, seven of the 20 deadliest fires on record and 11 of the 20 most destructive fires have occurred in the past five years. Exposure to smoke from wildfires can have severe health consequences broadly across the region. Environmental degradation and severe wildfire events associated with exotic plant invasion have had significant impacts on rare, threatened and endangered species.
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来源期刊
Outlooks on Pest Management
Outlooks on Pest Management Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science
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0.00%
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期刊介绍: Research and development in the crop protection and crop enhancement sector continues to grow at pace. Those associated with the agriculture and food industries, researchers in academia, government organisations, legislators, and professionals involved with the development and environmental impact of pesticides and biotechnology can all benefit from Outlooks on Pest Management. This bi-monthly journal provides a unique blend of international news and reviews covering all aspects of the management of weeds, pests and diseases through chemistry, biology and biotechnology.
期刊最新文献
The Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting (ABIM) 2023 Invasive Species Impact in Agriculture: Striking a Balance Between Productivity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health The Need to Use Different Ways of Applying Pesticides R&D News Tighter Regulations Regarding Pesticides
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