Antecedents of proactive customer service performance in hospitality: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT As an emerging construct, proactive customer service performance (PCSP) has been largely explored in recent years. However, previous research focusing on PCSP has been fragmented, each investigating the associations between a single or few selected antecedents and PCSP in the hospitality industry. The present study aims to meta-analytically examine the direction and magnitude of effect sizes of the relationships between PCSP and its main antecedents as well as the moderating effect of national culture in the hospitality context. A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses based on 17 antecedents and 42 independent studies (N=13,333). The antecedents of PCSP can be categorized into job attitudes, job strain, leader behaviors, performance, family context factor, workplace factors, positive psychological states, emotional labor and individual determinants. The results demonstrated that empowering leadership had the strongest impact on PCSP, followed by mindfulness and thriving at work. The results also indicated that national culture was a key moderator in the analysis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to collect, synthesize and analyze the theoretical links between PCSP and its antecedents and moderator has also been verified. What’s more, this study has discussed future research directions for PCSP in hospitality. 作为一种新兴的构念, 主动性顾客服务绩效 (PCSP) 近年来得到了广泛的研究。然而, 以往对PCSP的研究一直是碎片化的, 每一项研究都调查了酒店业中单个或几个选定的前因变量与PCSP之间的关联。本研究旨在用元分析的方法检验酒店业背景下的PCSP与其主要前因变量之间关系的效应量的方向和大小, 以及国家文化的调节作用。基于17个前因变量和42项独立研究 (N=13333), 本文进行了定量元分析以检验假设。PCSP的前因变量可分为工作态度、工作压力、领导行为、绩效、家庭背景因素、工作场所因素、积极心理状态、情绪劳动和个人因素。 结果表明, 授权领导力对PCSP的影响最大, 其次是正念和工作繁荣。 结果还表明, 国家文化是重要的调节变量。 据作者所知, 这是第一个收集、综合和分析PCSP与其前因变量之间理论联系的元分析。此外, 本研究还探讨了PCSP在酒店业的未来研究方向。