Developmental Anomalies of the Midface

The complex anatomy and broad array of potential congenital abnormalities can make developmental anomalies of the midface an intimidating subject. However, a basic understanding of facial development and a location-based approach to evaluation can substantially improve diagnostic confidence. This article briefly reviews relevant embryologic steps in the development of the midface, specifically focusing on the nasal region, frontonasal region, and palate. Then, following a brief discussion of imaging techniques, relevant congenital anomalies in each of these anatomic regions are addressed. Finally, a few of the more common craniofacial syndromes are reviewed.Learning Objective: To understand the key features of midface development and use a location-based approach to generate a relevant differential diagnosis for congenital midface anomalies