从活力论到动物磁学:让-伊曼纽尔·吉利伯特博士(1741-1814)的催眠实验

A. Parent
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摘要

1766年,德国医生弗朗茨·安东·梅斯默尔(1734-1815)在维也纳医学院发表了他的博士论文《行星对人体的影响》(De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum),这篇论文的灵感来自牛顿的弟子理查德·米德(richard mead, 1673-1754)的著作《地球上的太阳》(De imperio solis ac lunae, 1704)。在论文中,梅斯默断言,宇宙和物体漂浮在一种通用的流体中,他称之为“动物磁性”。疾病是由个体体内的动物磁性紊乱引起的,他提出了新的治疗方法来治疗这些疾病。大约在1775年,梅斯默尔把他的小专著寄给了欧洲不同的科学院和一些选定的科学家。只有柏林学院回应了,但拒绝了他的作品。1778年2月,他来到巴黎,开始治疗病人。来自里昂的法国医生让-伊曼纽尔·吉利伯特博士(1741-1814)开始对这种催眠学说产生兴趣。吉利伯特是一位著名的内科医生和植物学家。1775年,他去了立陶宛大公国,在格罗德诺镇(今白俄罗斯境内)创办了一所医学院和一所医院,从1775年到1781年一直在那里工作。之后他搬到维尔纽斯,在立陶宛大公国的主要学校(schola Princeps magni Ducatus lithuania,即今天的维尔纽斯大学)教授自然历史,1783年返回法国。吉利伯特是活力论的坚定信徒,活力论是一种医学学说,认为医生在治疗病人时应该尽可能少地干预,让自然来治愈病人。他认为动物磁力是活力论的一种表现,并进行了许多实验,他在给他的朋友安托万的信中描述了这些实验
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From Vitalism to Animal Magnetism: The Mesmerist Experiments of Dr Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814)
in 1766, the German physician Franz Anton mesmer (1734–1815) presented at the faculty of medicine in Vienna his doctoral thesis on the Influence of the Planets on the Human Body (De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum), which was inspired by the De imperio solis ac lunae (1704), a work by richard mead (1673–1754), a disciple of newton. in the thesis, Mesmer asserted that the cosmos and bodies floated in a universal fluid, which he called ‘animal magnetism’. Diseases resulted from disorders of animal magnetism within individuals, and he proposed brand-new treatments to cure these disorders. Around 1775, mesmer sent his small monograph to different academies of science in Europe and to selected scientists. Only the Berlin Academy answered, but dismissed his work. in February 1778, he arrived in Paris, where he began to cure patients. A French physician from lyon, Dr Jean-emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814), started to show interest in this mesmerist doctrine. Gilibert was a renowned physician and botanist. in 1775, he went to the Grand Duchy of lithuania where he founded a medical school and a hospital in the town of Grodno (in present-day Belarus), where he worked from 1775 until 1781. He then moved to Vilnius to teach natural history at the Principal school of the Grand Duchy of lithuania (schola Princeps magni Ducatus lithuaniae, today Vilnius university), before returning to France in 1783. Gilibert was a strong believer in vitalism, a medical doctrine which stated that the physician should intervene as little as possible in healing the sick and letting nature do the healing. He saw animal magnetism as an expression of vitalism and carried out numerous experiments, which he described in letters addressed to his friend Antoine-
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
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发文量
10
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum sees its mission in offering publishing opportunities for Baltic and non-Baltic scholars in the field of the history and philosophy of natural and social sciences (including legal studies) to promote and further international cooperation between scholars of different countries in this field.
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