一个为所有人准备好天气的国家?恶劣天气的人口学理解、接收和应对1

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Weather Climate and Society Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI:10.1175/wcas-d-22-0056.1
Michael D. Smith, J. E. Ten Hoeve, Christopher Lauer, Vankita Brown
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国国家海洋和大气管理局的国家气象局(NWS)为公众提供预报、警报和决策支持,以保护生命和财产。NWS天气就绪国家模式描述了应用天气信息实现社会价值的过程。然而,尚不清楚美国各地不同的种族和社会经济群体如何接受、理解并根据该模型提供的天气信息采取行动。可能存在一些障碍,使受恶劣天气影响风险最高的人群无法获得重要的、挽救生命的信息。本文估计了美国在恶劣天气风险信息接收、理解、响应和信任以及恶劣天气准备和风险感知方面的种族和社会经济差异的程度。我们使用的数据来自俄克拉何马大学的恶劣天气和社会调查,该调查每年由3,000名美国成年人(18岁以上)完成,旨在匹配美国人口的特征。我们汇集了四年(2017-2020年)的数据,按种族、民族和社会经济特征为成年人提供可靠的恶劣天气风险流行统计数据。作为稳健性检查,我们用联邦应急管理局年度家庭调查的数据补充了这些信息。我们发现,种族和社会经济群体对恶劣天气信息的接收、理解、信任和行动都有所不同。这些发现建议国家气象局及其合作伙伴调整其传播策略,以确保所有人口都能接收和了解可采取行动的恶劣天气信息。
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A Weather-Ready Nation for All? The Demographics of Severe Weather Understanding, Reception, and Response1
NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) provides forecasts, warnings, and decision support to the public for the protection of life and property. The NWS Weather Ready Nation model describes the process of applying weather information to achieve societal value. However, it is not clear how different racial and socioeconomic groups across the United States receive, understand, and act upon the weather information supplied under this model. There may be barriers that keep important, life-saving information from the populations at the highest risk of severe weather impacts. This paper estimates the extent of racial and socioeconomic disparities in severe weather risk information reception, comprehension, response, and trust, as well as severe weather preparedness and risk perceptions in the United States. We use data from the University of Oklahoma’s Severe Weather and Society Survey which is annually completed by a sample of 3,000 U.S. adults (age 18+) that is designed to match the characteristics of the U.S. population. We pool data over four years (2017-2020) to provide reliable severe weather risk prevalence statistics for adults by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics. As a robustness check, we supplement this information with data from the FEMA Annual Household Survey. We find that racial and socioeconomic groups receive, understand, trust, and act upon severe weather information differently. These findings suggest NWS and their partners adjust their communication strategies to ensure all populations receive and understand actionable severe weather information.
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来源期刊
Weather Climate and Society
Weather Climate and Society METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
13.60%
发文量
95
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Weather, Climate, and Society (WCAS) publishes research that encompasses economics, policy analysis, political science, history, and institutional, social, and behavioral scholarship relating to weather and climate, including climate change. Contributions must include original social science research, evidence-based analysis, and relevance to the interactions of weather and climate with society.
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