粮食不安全与健康后果

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS Economists Voice Pub Date : 2017-07-08 DOI:10.1515/ev-2017-0004
Craig Gundersen, H. Seligman
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引用次数: 9

摘要

摘要粮食不安全日益被认为是美国的一场重大健康危机。2015年,超过4200万人粮食不安全,远高于2007年大衰退前的水平。几十年的研究表明,粮食不安全会降低个人的整体幸福感。然而,人们认识到粮食不安全是一场健康危机,这源于最近人们对粮食不安全造成的多重负面健康后果的认识,从而导致医疗保健成本上升。来自农业经济学、经济学、医学和营养学等多个领域的大量文献承认粮食不安全是一场健康危机。在其他研究结果中,儿童的粮食不安全与一些出生缺陷、贫血、营养摄入减少、认知问题以及攻击性和焦虑的风险增加有关。食物不安全还与住院风险更高、总体健康状况较差、口腔健康状况较差以及哮喘、行为问题、抑郁症和自杀意念有关。对于成年人来说,研究表明,粮食不安全与营养摄入减少有关;心理健康问题(包括抑郁症)、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症的发病率增加;健康状况不佳或尚可;以及睡眠不良。粮食不安全和健康状况不佳可能是双向联系的;也就是说,生活在粮食不安全的家庭中会使个人的健康状况不佳,而健康状况不佳会使人生活在粮食没有安全保障的家庭中。在描述了如何衡量粮食不安全之后,我们转向了粮食不安全的多种原因,以及粮食不安全导致这些负面健康结果的潜在途径。最后,我们介绍了最近阐明的两项干预措施,旨在解决粮食不安全及其对健康的影响。第一个是有针对性地提高补充营养援助计划(SNAP,前身为食品券计划)参保者和接近符合条件的家庭的福利水平,第二个是为患有糖尿病的粮食不安全个人提供量身定制的支持。
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Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes
Abstract Food insecurity is increasingly recognized as a major health crisis in the U.S. More than 42 million persons were food insecure in 2015, far higher than the levels preceding the 2007 Great Recession. Decades of research demonstrate that food insecurity diminishes individuals’ overall well-being. The recognition of food insecurity as a health crisis, however, stems from a more recent appreciation of the multiple negative health outcomes and, thus, higher health care costs, attributable to food insecurity. An extensive literature from multiple fields, including agricultural economics, economics, medicine, and nutrition, has emerged in recognition of food insecurity as a health crisis. Among other findings, food insecurity among children is associated with increased risks of some birth defects, anemia, lower nutrient intakes, cognitive problems, and aggression and anxiety. Food insecurity is also associated with higher risks of being hospitalized, poorer general health, worse oral health and with having asthma, behavioral problems, depression, and suicidal ideation. For adults, studies have shown that food insecurity is associated with decreased nutrient intakes; increased rates of mental health problems (including depression), diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; being in poor or fair health; and poor sleep outcomes. Food insecurity and poor health are likely linked bi-directionally; that is, it is true both that living in a food insecure household predisposes an individual to poor health, and that poor health predisposes one to living in a food insecure household. After describing how food insecurity is measured, we turn to the multiple causes of food insecurity and potential pathways through which food insecurity leads to these negative health outcomes. Finally, we describe two recently articulated interventions designed to address both food insecurity and its health impact. The first is a targeted increase in benefit levels for supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP, formerly known as the Food Stamp Program) enrollees and near eligible households, and the second provides tailored support for food insecure individuals with diabetes.
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来源期刊
Economists Voice
Economists Voice ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
25.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: This journal is a non-partisan forum for economists to present innovative policy ideas or engaging commentary on the issues of the day. Readers include professional economists, lawyers, policy analysts, policymakers, and students of economics. Articles are short, 600-2000 words, and are intended to contain deeper analysis than is found on the Op-Ed page of the Wall Street Journal or New York Times, but to be of comparable general interest. We welcome submitted Columns from any professional economist. Letters to the editor are encouraged and may comment on any Column or Letter. Letters must be less than 300 words.
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