論現代湘語中的仙先之別及其早期形式的擬測

摘要:本文以現代湘語方言為基礎,利用《切韻》框架探討其中存在的山攝開口三四等——亦即仙韻與先韻——的音韻區別,並根據現代湘語的實際語音表現,擬測原始湘語中這一對韻母的早期形式(proto form)。關於現代湘語是否能夠區分山攝仙先,學者間存在正反不同的意見。本文在前人的基礎上擴大比較湘語的範圍以及同源詞數量,一方面證明原始湘語中仙先的語音區別,一方面擬測其原始形式。本文的結論認為:1)現代湘語中確實保存仙先的區別,並在中古精系聲母及來母的環境下存在對立;2)根據現代湘語的語音表現,仙三在原始湘語可擬為*-iɑn, 先四則可擬為*-ian; 3)透過吳ˎ閩ˎ湘三個原始方言的比較,可以建立六朝江東方言*-iɑn 與*-ian 的對立。這個現象顯示江東方言與湘語的密切關係。ABSTRACT:Based on the framework of the Qièyùn (切韻) system, this paper explores phonological distinctions between Grade III and Grade IV of the Shān Shè (山攝) rhyme group, namely the Xiān (仙) and Xiān (先) rhyme, in Modern Xiang . Whether the Xiān (仙)/Xiān (先) distinction exists or not in modern Xiang dialects is still under debate. These different views constitute the primary research motivation of this paper. This paper concludes that:1. The Xiān (仙)/Xiān (先) distinction is indeed preserved in Modern Xiang, and the phonological contrast occurs after the initials of the Jing (精) series of Middle Chinese. 2. According to the phonetic representation in Modern Xiang, Xiān (仙) could be reconstructed as *-iɑn and Xiān (先) as *-ian. 3. By comparing with other proto dialects, we reconstruct the contrast of *- iɑn and *-ian in the old Jiangdong dialect of the Six Dynasties, which establishes the close relationship between Xiang and Jiangdong dialect in history.