儿童时期的移情和对可信宗教行为的暴露独立预测宗教信仰

IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI:10.1080/10508619.2019.1672486
Paweł Łowicki, M. Zajenkowski
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引用次数: 17

摘要

宗教信仰从何而来,是什么使人们倾向于相信超自然现象,在宗教科学中仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。当代解释宗教的理论通常集中在进化的生物倾向或社会因素上。在本研究中,我们感兴趣的是情感共情关注的个体差异和童年时期接触可信宗教行为的社会学习机制如何相互作用来预测宗教虔诚。在波兰成年人(N = 379)中进行的研究表明,共情和童年经历都与宗教虔诚中心性的每个维度呈正相关。此外,除宗教公共实践外,在所有调查维度中,共情和宗教社会学习都是显著且独立的预测因子。我们也没有发现移情调节童年宗教经历和一般宗教虔诚之间关系的证据。最后,我们还进行了相对重要性分析,以确定这两个因素在预测宗教虔诚度方面的增量效度。结果显示,接触可信的宗教活动比共情更能解释宗教虔诚度的差异。总之,这些发现表明,至少有两个独立的因素与宗教信仰的出现有关。一个是个人倾向于感受他人导向的情感,而另一个是在成长过程中接触到可信的宗教模式的社会因素。
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Empathy and Exposure to Credible Religious Acts during Childhood Independently Predict Religiosity
ABSTRACT Where do religious beliefs come from, and what predisposes people to believe in the supernatural remains an open question in the science of religion. Contemporary theories explaining religion typically focus on either evolved biological dispositions or social factors. In the current research, we were interested in how individual differences in emotional empathic concern and the social learning mechanism of being exposed to credible religious acts during childhood interplay to predict religiosity. The study conducted among Polish adults (N = 379) demonstrated that both empathy and childhood experience were positively related to every dimension of the centrality of religiosity. Moreover, it was observed that for all investigated dimensions (except for religious public practice), both empathy and religious social learning were significant and independent predictors. We also found no evidence that empathy moderates the relationship between childhood religious experience and general religiosity. Finally, we also conducted a relative importance analysis to determine the incremental validity of both factors in their prediction of religiosity. It was revealed that being exposed to credible religious acts explained substantially more variance in religiosity than empathy. Altogether, these findings suggest that there are at least two independent factors associated with the emergence of religious belief. One is an individual disposition to feel other-oriented emotions, while the other is a social factor of being exposed to credible religious models during one’s upbringing.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.
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