监禁、新冠肺炎和紧急释放:重新想象如何以及何时惩罚

IF 1.1 4区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-14 DOI:10.1353/ken.2020.0016
Lauren Lyons
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要:新冠肺炎疫情的广泛影响加剧了社会不平等,暴露了公共系统的脆弱性。这些双重影响在刑事司法系统中尤为突出,活动家和政策制定者呼吁重新配置司法系统的做法。本文讨论并捍卫了其中一项建议:通过释放监狱和监狱中的人,迅速减少目前被监禁的人数。根据道德和政治哲学以及刑法理论,我提供了一个严格的理由来解释为什么在目前的情况下继续照常监禁人们在道德上是不合理的——这一立场对许多人来说是直观的,并且已经反映在世界各地司法管辖区的紧急政策中。本文分两个论点进行论述。首先,我认为,我们应该从监狱和监狱中释放人们,以防止实施不成比例的严厉惩罚,这在标准的惩罚理论上是不合理的。第二个论点呼吁我所说的刑法政策的公共利益约束:捍卫这样一种观点,即如果这样做的下游后果违背了公共福利和福祉,或破坏了实质性共同商品的提供,我们就不应该使用刑法文书。我认为,与冠状病毒大流行相关的情况引发了这种限制。尽管我们在设计刑事司法政策时应该考虑到广泛的社会成本的想法可能看起来很直观,但它对思考新冠疫情期间及以后的监禁和司法系统实践的道德有着根本的影响。在论文的最后一部分,我提出并讨论了三项具体政策,以减轻紧急释放的一些潜在负面后果。
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Incarceration, COVID-19, and Emergency Release: Reimagining How and When to Punish
ABSTRACT:The wide-ranging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have amplified social inequalities and revealed vulnerabilities in public systems. These dual effects are especially salient in the context of criminal justice systems, and activists and policymakers have called for reconfiguring justice system practices in response. This paper discusses and defends one of these proposals: rapidly reducing the number of people currently incarcerated by releasing people from jails and prisons. Drawing on moral and political philosophy and criminal law theory, I provide a rigorous case for why it is morally unjustified to continue to incarcerate people as usual under present circumstances—this position is intuitive to many and already reflected in emergency policies in jurisdictions worldwide. The paper proceeds by way of two arguments. First, I argue that we ought to release people from jails and prisons to prevent meting out disproportionately severe punishments, which are unjustified on standard theories of punishment. The second argument appeals to what I call the public interest constraint on criminal law policy: defending the idea that we ought not make use of the instruments of the criminal law if the downstream consequences of doing so run contrary to public welfare and wellbeing or undermine the provision of substantive common goods. I argue that circumstances related to the coronavirus pandemic trigger the constraint. Though the idea that we ought to take broad social costs into account in designing criminal justice policy may seem intuitive, it has radical implications for thinking about decarceration and the ethics of justice system practices during the coronavirus pandemic and beyond. In the last part of the paper, I propose and discuss three concrete policies that work to mitigate some of the potential negative consequences of emergency release.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: The Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal offers a scholarly forum for diverse views on major issues in bioethics, such as analysis and critique of principlism, feminist perspectives in bioethics, the work of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, active euthanasia, genetics, health care reform, and organ transplantation. Each issue includes "Scope Notes," an overview and extensive annotated bibliography on a specific topic in bioethics, and "Bioethics Inside the Beltway," a report written by a Washington insider updating bioethics activities on the federal level.
期刊最新文献
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