Superficial alterations in the generation of a 3D surface. The case of machining by turning. Application of principal component analysis to the study of the various factors involved

Surface quality is an essential requisite in the manufacturing industry. In order to perform an in-depth study into the mechanisms that govern the formation of this surface, all factors involved in the machining process must be ascertained. The resulting surface after turning (real surface) is studied as the superposition of multiple surfaces. A first surface, (tool surface), is generated from the geometry of the tool and machining parameters. A second surface (vibration surface) is generated from the vibration of the tool. Finally, a third surface (other-factors surface) is taken as the joint result of fracture of material, elastic recoveries, plastic deformations, hardness, kinematic, deposits and/or adhesions of material and/or tool wear. The comparison of these four surfaces enables this objective to be reached. A new parameter denominated dispersion is defined. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used in the definition of this parameter.