Effect of Risk-Graded Care Based on Caprini Risk Assessment Model on Postoperative Venous Thrombosis and Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Malignancy

Objective: To investigate the effect of risk-graded care based on Caprini risk assessment model on postoperative deep vein thrombosis and quality of life in elderly patients with malignant tumors. Methods: Sixty-eight elderly patients with malignant tumors treated by surgery admitted to the Department of Geriatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April 2021 to September 2021 were selected to be included in the control group and given routine nursing interventions in the geriatrics department, using the Autar deep vein thrombosis risk scale and cluster nursing interventions; Seventy cases of elderly patients with malignant tumors treated by surgery admitted to our geriatric department from October 2021 to 2022 were included in the observation group, and the risk-grading nursing intervention based on the Caprini risk assessment model was used in the observation group on the basis of conventional nursing interventions. The number of cases of deep vein thrombosis, D-II cluster values, average hospitalization days, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life levels were compared between the two groups. Results: The number of VTE cases and the incidence of VTE in the observation group was 0.43%(3/70) lower than that in the control group (0.89%(6/68)); the average hospital stay in the observation group (13.50+7.45) was lower than that in the control group (15.16+10.60) and the D-II aggregation value in the observation group (2.90+4.32) was lower than that in the control group (4.02+3.91); with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); the satisfaction scores of communication, safety, guidance, nursing, and nursing techniques in the observation group were (41.70+4.21), (48.53+5.12), (38.47+1.90), (56.77+3.33), (47.80+1.68) points, higher than those in the control group (30.11+8.57), (41.69+7.95), (31.75+6.95), (46.87+7.31), (36.0+9.0) points, with statistically significant differences (t-values of -10.634 to -2.404, all P<0.05); the post-intervention scores of general health, physical function, physical function, somatic pain, somatic energy, social function, emotional function, mental health, and spiritual change dimensions of quality of life in the observation group were (67.00+14.95), (65.71+25.24), (63.21+21.59), (83.63+10.65), (74.43+13.45), (70.71+20.95), (67.62+26.60), (62.60+15.12) and (76.79+20.11) and scores were higher than the control group's post-intervention scores of (57.50+19.65), (40.44+27.33), (43.01+25.86), (54.57+15.42), (42.65+20.08), (56.25+26.67), (41.18+28.87), (52.35+18.86), (66.91+23.83) scores than the control group after intervention, with statistically significant differences (t-values of -26.878 to 0.989. all P<0.05). Conclusions: Risk-graded nursing intervention based on the Caprini risk assessment model can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative VTE in elderly patients with malignancy, improve nursing satisfaction, and enhance the quality of life of patients.