Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.02
S. Kzyrgalin, K. Gantsev, A.A. Rizvanov, S. Gantsev
This article presents an analysis of current trends in the field of oncology, as an industry that was influenced by both scientific discoveries and the very order of civilization development as a whole. The key technological breakthroughs that have had an impact on oncology in the medium and long term perspective, as well as changes in the structure and approaches to the treatment of oncological diseases, which, in their turn, can determine the foresight of oncology development for the coming decades, are outlined. The TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis) Classification of Malignant Tumors has been critically reassessed through the prism of the achievements in modern molecular biology. In this context, we are inevitably moving towards a new paradigm of oncological science "cancer without a tumor", where the tumor itself becomes a symptom of a systemic "oncological disease". The concept of "cancer without a tumor" has been proposed for the first time. This article is intended to engage professional communities in the oncology field in a discussion of understanding the transformation of the modern concept of oncological diseases.
{"title":"New Insight of Oncology: Cancer Concept without Tumor","authors":"S. Kzyrgalin, K. Gantsev, A.A. Rizvanov, S. Gantsev","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analysis of current trends in the field of oncology, as an industry that was influenced by both scientific discoveries and the very order of civilization development as a whole. The key technological breakthroughs that have had an impact on oncology in the medium and long term perspective, as well as changes in the structure and approaches to the treatment of oncological diseases, which, in their turn, can determine the foresight of oncology development for the coming decades, are outlined. The TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis) Classification of Malignant Tumors has been critically reassessed through the prism of the achievements in modern molecular biology. In this context, we are inevitably moving towards a new paradigm of oncological science \"cancer without a tumor\", where the tumor itself becomes a symptom of a systemic \"oncological disease\". The concept of \"cancer without a tumor\" has been proposed for the first time. This article is intended to engage professional communities in the oncology field in a discussion of understanding the transformation of the modern concept of oncological diseases.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"93 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old man with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, who complained of diffuse lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. This patient received the CHOP regimen followed by the CHP plus brentuximab vedotin regimen, and eventually experienced severe adverse effects, such as leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. He was then intravenously administered high doses of ascorbic acid to enhance the effects of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the intensity of the side effects. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a complete response of the lesions to combination therapy. This case report demonstrated the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity of high-dose ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
在此，我们报告了一例 64 岁男性外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤患者的病例，该患者主诉弥漫性淋巴结病和泛发性白细胞减少症。该患者接受了 CHOP 方案，随后又接受了 CHP 加布伦妥昔单抗维多汀方案，最终出现了白细胞减少和血小板减少等严重不良反应。随后，他被静脉注射了大剂量的抗坏血酸，以增强化疗药物的效果并减轻副作用的强度。正电子发射计算机断层扫描显示，病灶对联合疗法完全应答。本病例报告证明了大剂量抗坏血酸治疗化疗患者的可行性、有效性和可接受的毒性。
{"title":"Successful Treatment, with Chemotherapy and Intravenous Administration of Ascorbic Acid, of a Patient with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified","authors":"Chiaki Tokoro, Atsushi Tashiro, Kenji Ina, Yoshiteru Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kobayakawa, Takashi Yoshida, S. Kayukawa","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old man with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, who complained of diffuse lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. This patient received the CHOP regimen followed by the CHP plus brentuximab vedotin regimen, and eventually experienced severe adverse effects, such as leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. He was then intravenously administered high doses of ascorbic acid to enhance the effects of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the intensity of the side effects. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a complete response of the lesions to combination therapy. This case report demonstrated the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity of high-dose ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"86 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old man with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, who complained of diffuse lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. This patient received the CHOP regimen followed by the CHP plus brentuximab vedotin regimen, and eventually experienced severe adverse effects, such as leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. He was then intravenously administered high doses of ascorbic acid to enhance the effects of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the intensity of the side effects. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a complete response of the lesions to combination therapy. This case report demonstrated the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity of high-dose ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
在此，我们报告了一例 64 岁男性外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤患者的病例，该患者主诉弥漫性淋巴结病和泛发性白细胞减少症。该患者接受了 CHOP 方案，随后又接受了 CHP 加布伦妥昔单抗维多汀方案，最终出现了白细胞减少和血小板减少等严重不良反应。随后，他被静脉注射了大剂量的抗坏血酸，以增强化疗药物的效果并减轻副作用的强度。正电子发射计算机断层扫描显示，病灶对联合疗法完全应答。本病例报告证明了大剂量抗坏血酸治疗化疗患者的可行性、有效性和可接受的毒性。
{"title":"Successful Treatment, with Chemotherapy and Intravenous Administration of Ascorbic Acid, of a Patient with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified","authors":"Chiaki Tokoro, Atsushi Tashiro, Kenji Ina, Yoshiteru Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kobayakawa, Takashi Yoshida, S. Kayukawa","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old man with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, who complained of diffuse lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia. This patient received the CHOP regimen followed by the CHP plus brentuximab vedotin regimen, and eventually experienced severe adverse effects, such as leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. He was then intravenously administered high doses of ascorbic acid to enhance the effects of chemotherapy drugs and reduce the intensity of the side effects. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a complete response of the lesions to combination therapy. This case report demonstrated the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptable toxicity of high-dose ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"120 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-11DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.06
Kamal Asadipour, Narendra Banerjee, Jazmine Cuffee, Karrington Perry, Shennel Brown, Anasua Banerjee, Erik Armstrong, Stephen Beebe, Hirendra Banerjee
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a malignant cancer with a very high mortality rate around the world. African American(AA) women are 28% more likely to die from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than white women with the same diagnosis. AA patients are also more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have the lowest survival rates for any stage of diagnosis; There are very few existing anti TNBC drugs with therapeutic efficacy hence newer anti TNBC drug design and investigation is needed. Carbon Nano Tubes(CNT) in recent years have shown effective anti-cancer properties in various types of cancers as reported in peer reviewed journals. Henceforth, we did an investigation to study the anticancer properties of a novel CNT in both in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC. We tested the CNT drug in vitro cytotoxicity studies on TNBC model MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP cell lines and Spheroid forming assays on the same cancer cells; we also did an in vivo study on TNBC model mice to study the therapeutic efficacy of this CNT drug in reducing the tumor load. Our initial studies showed increased cell death and reduction in spheroid numbers in the CNT treated cancer cells in comparison to control and a significant reduction in the tumor volume in the TNBC model mice than in untreated animals. Thus our initial studies have shown significant therapeutic efficacy of the novel CNT as an anti TNBC agent. Additional mechanistic studies need to be done to find out the cell death mechanisms, core canonical pathways involved, pharmacokinetic studies before translational research for this novel nanoparticle as a therapeutic agent from bench to bedside.
{"title":"Studying the Role of Novel Carbon Nano Tubes as a Therapeutic Agent to Treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) - an <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Study.","authors":"Kamal Asadipour, Narendra Banerjee, Jazmine Cuffee, Karrington Perry, Shennel Brown, Anasua Banerjee, Erik Armstrong, Stephen Beebe, Hirendra Banerjee","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.06","DOIUrl":"10.30683/1929-2279.2024.13.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a malignant cancer with a very high mortality rate around the world. African American(AA) women are 28% more likely to die from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than white women with the same diagnosis. AA patients are also more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have the lowest survival rates for any stage of diagnosis; There are very few existing anti TNBC drugs with therapeutic efficacy hence newer anti TNBC drug design and investigation is needed. Carbon Nano Tubes(CNT) in recent years have shown effective anti-cancer properties in various types of cancers as reported in peer reviewed journals. Henceforth, we did an investigation to study the anticancer properties of a novel CNT in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of TNBC. We tested the CNT drug <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity studies on TNBC model MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP cell lines and Spheroid forming assays on the same cancer cells; we also did an <i>in vivo</i> study on TNBC model mice to study the therapeutic efficacy of this CNT drug in reducing the tumor load. Our initial studies showed increased cell death and reduction in spheroid numbers in the CNT treated cancer cells in comparison to control and a significant reduction in the tumor volume in the TNBC model mice than in untreated animals. Thus our initial studies have shown significant therapeutic efficacy of the novel CNT as an anti TNBC agent. Additional mechanistic studies need to be done to find out the cell death mechanisms, core canonical pathways involved, pharmacokinetic studies before translational research for this novel nanoparticle as a therapeutic agent from bench to bedside.</p>","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"13 ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.10
B.R. Kiran Kumar, Geeta S. Narayanan, M.S. Ganesh, Amritha Prabha Shankar
Purpose: Marjolins ulcer is a malignant transformation arising from chronic ulcers or previously traumatized scars that occur usually after burns. This article aims to study the clinicopathological profile and treatment patterns of Marjolins ulcer. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all Marjolins ulcer patients presented to Vydehi Cancer Centre from 2018 to 2021 was done. A total of 27 patients of all age groups were included in the study. All information regarding detailed history, clinical examination, treatment details were retrospectively collected and analysed. Results: Most of the patients were in the 5th decade of life with an overall male preponderance. The most common cause for Marjolins ulcer was Burns scars followed by Trauma. Lower extremities were found to be the most predominant site. The mean latency period for the development of Marjolins ulcer was 11 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological subtype, Adjuvant Radiotherapy was given to the patients with high-risk features. Conclusion: Chronic non-healing ulcers that do not respond to treatment should be carefully examined for malignant transformation. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and Adjuvant Radiotherapy should be considered in high-risk cases to reduce locoregional recurrence.
{"title":"Marjolins Ulcer: Clinicopathological Profile and Treatment Patterns","authors":"B.R. Kiran Kumar, Geeta S. Narayanan, M.S. Ganesh, Amritha Prabha Shankar","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Marjolins ulcer is a malignant transformation arising from chronic ulcers or previously traumatized scars that occur usually after burns. This article aims to study the clinicopathological profile and treatment patterns of Marjolins ulcer. \u0000Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all Marjolins ulcer patients presented to Vydehi Cancer Centre from 2018 to 2021 was done. A total of 27 patients of all age groups were included in the study. All information regarding detailed history, clinical examination, treatment details were retrospectively collected and analysed. \u0000Results: Most of the patients were in the 5th decade of life with an overall male preponderance. The most common cause for Marjolins ulcer was Burns scars followed by Trauma. Lower extremities were found to be the most predominant site. The mean latency period for the development of Marjolins ulcer was 11 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological subtype, Adjuvant Radiotherapy was given to the patients with high-risk features. \u0000Conclusion: Chronic non-healing ulcers that do not respond to treatment should be carefully examined for malignant transformation. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and Adjuvant Radiotherapy should be considered in high-risk cases to reduce locoregional recurrence.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.9
Praneet Singh Bedi, Meenu Walia, Vipul R. Thummar, Priya Mehta
Breast cancer holds the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide the 5 year survival rate for patients with advanced or metastatic forms of the disease is estimated at a mere 23%, with approximately 20% of cases exhibiting an amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 overexpression was linked to a dismal prognosis prior to the advent of targeted HER2 therapies. The introduction of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has emerged as one of the standard treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer patients who experience a recurrence or progression of the disease. This case concerns a patient with recurrent metastatic breast cancer who achieved an unusually extended period of time without the disease progressing while on T-DM1 treatment. After experiencing disease progression on multiple treatment lines involving trastuzumab, the patient achieved a nearly complete clinical remission (cCR) with T-DM1 therapy. The availability of cost-effective biosimilars has expanded access to advanced biologic therapies, which were previously limited to a small segment of the population due to the cost barrier.
{"title":"A Case Report on Prolonged Response with Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) in Recurrent Advance Breast Cancer Setting","authors":"Praneet Singh Bedi, Meenu Walia, Vipul R. Thummar, Priya Mehta","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.9","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer holds the dubious distinction of being the most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide the 5 year survival rate for patients with advanced or metastatic forms of the disease is estimated at a mere 23%, with approximately 20% of cases exhibiting an amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 overexpression was linked to a dismal prognosis prior to the advent of targeted HER2 therapies. The introduction of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has emerged as one of the standard treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer patients who experience a recurrence or progression of the disease. This case concerns a patient with recurrent metastatic breast cancer who achieved an unusually extended period of time without the disease progressing while on T-DM1 treatment. After experiencing disease progression on multiple treatment lines involving trastuzumab, the patient achieved a nearly complete clinical remission (cCR) with T-DM1 therapy. The availability of cost-effective biosimilars has expanded access to advanced biologic therapies, which were previously limited to a small segment of the population due to the cost barrier.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.8
Hassan Bahrami, Majid Tafrihi
Human cells may use either aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration processes to produce energy, depending on cellular conditions. When there is enough oxygen, cells respire aerobically, but in case of oxygen deficiency, anaerobic cellular respiration is used, which leads to lactic acidosis and an increased risk of cancer according to Warburg's hypothesis. This paper reviews key aspects related to the historical evolutionary origins of metabolic pathways in cancer cells and compares similarities between cancer cells and ancient unicellular organisms to address the origins of metabolic change in cancer cells and provide new insights into the metabolic control of cancer. Understanding the main causes of cancer and the biological origin of their behavioral abnormalities is essential for the metabolic control of cancer. Environmental stressors to cells may include lack of essential nutrients, poor oxygenation, excess acids, viruses, infections, and exposure to chemicals, toxins, and radiation. These cellular stressors can cause normal cells to mutate and become cancerous in an attempt to survive in the harsh conditions. According to the research findings, creating appropriate conditions at the cellular level in terms of pH, sufficient oxygenation and the availability of good sugars, essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes and coenzymes through a healthy diet can lead to a metabolic switch in cancer cells that controls mutations, which can help prevent and control cancer.
{"title":"Understanding the Warburg Effect Yields New Insights into the Metabolic Control of Cancer","authors":"Hassan Bahrami, Majid Tafrihi","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.8","url":null,"abstract":"Human cells may use either aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration processes to produce energy, depending on cellular conditions. When there is enough oxygen, cells respire aerobically, but in case of oxygen deficiency, anaerobic cellular respiration is used, which leads to lactic acidosis and an increased risk of cancer according to Warburg's hypothesis. \u0000This paper reviews key aspects related to the historical evolutionary origins of metabolic pathways in cancer cells and compares similarities between cancer cells and ancient unicellular organisms to address the origins of metabolic change in cancer cells and provide new insights into the metabolic control of cancer. \u0000Understanding the main causes of cancer and the biological origin of their behavioral abnormalities is essential for the metabolic control of cancer. Environmental stressors to cells may include lack of essential nutrients, poor oxygenation, excess acids, viruses, infections, and exposure to chemicals, toxins, and radiation. These cellular stressors can cause normal cells to mutate and become cancerous in an attempt to survive in the harsh conditions. \u0000According to the research findings, creating appropriate conditions at the cellular level in terms of pH, sufficient oxygenation and the availability of good sugars, essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes and coenzymes through a healthy diet can lead to a metabolic switch in cancer cells that controls mutations, which can help prevent and control cancer.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.7
P. Riley
The essential feature of the malignant phenotype is the ability of the affected cells to transgress the normal territorial limits that delineate tissue boundaries. This brief review outlines the process underlying the acquisition of this property based on evidence consistent with the notion that the mechanism of carcinogenesis involves defective epigenetic transmission. The resulting failure of vertical transmission of the differentiated pattern of gene expression in proliferative stem cells which leads to faulty copying of the epigenetic information at each cell division generates widespread genetic abnormalities; a process which is essentially equivalent to a greatly elevated mutation rate. The outcome from the point of view of the affected cell and its progeny would be expected to interfere negatively with the proliferation rate. To some extent this proliferative disadvantage is offset by the altruistic factor necessary for permitting coexistence of different cell types in multicellular organisms but the crucial property which renders certain cells malignant is their ability to transgress tissue boundaries. Affected cells possessing this malignant phenotype are able to penetrate this barrier and enter microenvironmental zones where they are able to proliferate without competition. The competitive growth process is outlined using a simple microenvironmental model.
{"title":"Epigenetic Carcinogenesis and Malignancy: The Significance of Migratory Potential","authors":"P. Riley","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.7","url":null,"abstract":"The essential feature of the malignant phenotype is the ability of the affected cells to transgress the normal territorial limits that delineate tissue boundaries. This brief review outlines the process underlying the acquisition of this property based on evidence consistent with the notion that the mechanism of carcinogenesis involves defective epigenetic transmission. The resulting failure of vertical transmission of the differentiated pattern of gene expression in proliferative stem cells which leads to faulty copying of the epigenetic information at each cell division generates widespread genetic abnormalities; a process which is essentially equivalent to a greatly elevated mutation rate. The outcome from the point of view of the affected cell and its progeny would be expected to interfere negatively with the proliferation rate. To some extent this proliferative disadvantage is offset by the altruistic factor necessary for permitting coexistence of different cell types in multicellular organisms but the crucial property which renders certain cells malignant is their ability to transgress tissue boundaries. Affected cells possessing this malignant phenotype are able to penetrate this barrier and enter microenvironmental zones where they are able to proliferate without competition. The competitive growth process is outlined using a simple microenvironmental model.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46162501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.6
Deepti Sharma, A. M. Thomas, G. Koshy
The high morbidity and mortality associated with oral cancer has necessitated the exploration of newer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In recent decades, targeting immune landscape has emerged as a newer approach as aggressive tumor biology and therapy resistance are influenced by the interplay between tumor and immune cells. A reciprocal association between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis is well established and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent inflammatory milieu of tumor microenvironment (TME). The varied T-cell phenotypes in different stages of cancer influence the prognostic and predictive response of the patients. Along with the conventional treatment options, Immunotherapy has evolved as a suitable alterative for oral carcinoma patients especially with recurrent and metastatic disease (R/M) but response is still unpredictable. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role to either lessen or boost up immune responses. There is an urgent need for extensive studies to be undertaken to better understand how tumor cells escape immune surveillance and resist immune attack. This review is an attempt to elucidate the concept of immune infiltrate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and thus, understanding the role of immunoscore as an adjunct to TNM staging to guide patient treatment.
{"title":"Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as Immunebiomarkers in Oral Cancer: An Update","authors":"Deepti Sharma, A. M. Thomas, G. Koshy","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.6","url":null,"abstract":"The high morbidity and mortality associated with oral cancer has necessitated the exploration of newer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In recent decades, targeting immune landscape has emerged as a newer approach as aggressive tumor biology and therapy resistance are influenced by the interplay between tumor and immune cells. A reciprocal association between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis is well established and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent inflammatory milieu of tumor microenvironment (TME). The varied T-cell phenotypes in different stages of cancer influence the prognostic and predictive response of the patients. Along with the conventional treatment options, Immunotherapy has evolved as a suitable alterative for oral carcinoma patients especially with recurrent and metastatic disease (R/M) but response is still unpredictable. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role to either lessen or boost up immune responses. There is an urgent need for extensive studies to be undertaken to better understand how tumor cells escape immune surveillance and resist immune attack. This review is an attempt to elucidate the concept of immune infiltrate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and thus, understanding the role of immunoscore as an adjunct to TNM staging to guide patient treatment.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.5
Peng-Wei Zhang, Zhehang Chen, Zhi Shi
The zinc-finger transcriptional repressor Snail1 affects cancer progression by controlling the epithelial cell-mesenchymal transition. The RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) with a CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) nuclease system has been extensively used for gene editing. Here, we used two distinct sgRNAs to successfully target Snail1 in the gastric cancer cell line MGC803 with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Furthermore, we discovered that Snail1 knockout reduced the proliferation and migration of MGC803 cells.
{"title":"Targeting Snail1 by CRISPR/Cas9 System Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Gastric Cancer Cells","authors":"Peng-Wei Zhang, Zhehang Chen, Zhi Shi","doi":"10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2023.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"The zinc-finger transcriptional repressor Snail1 affects cancer progression by controlling the epithelial cell-mesenchymal transition. The RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic (CRISPR) with a CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) nuclease system has been extensively used for gene editing. Here, we used two distinct sgRNAs to successfully target Snail1 in the gastric cancer cell line MGC803 with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Furthermore, we discovered that Snail1 knockout reduced the proliferation and migration of MGC803 cells.","PeriodicalId":89799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research updates","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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