Space, Image, Light: Toward an Understanding of Moldavian Architecture in the Fifteenth Century

Sunlight has long been harnessed to define and accentuate sacred space. This study explores several light phenomena carefully observed in the late fifteenth-century church of the Holy Cross at the former Pătrăuţi Monastery in Moldavia (modern Romania), arguing that the edifice was designed and decorated relative to the direction of sunlight on important dates throughout the liturgical year. While such use of natural light has been observed in other medieval and early modern Christian buildings, the case of Pătrăuţi stands out for its mise-en-scène of moving sunlight. Denoting awareness of cosmic phenomena and architectural know-how, the case study also attests to a careful coordination of the design of architecture, decoration, and ritual. The historic importance of the church, as one of the earliest and best-preserved examples of its kind in Moldavia, gives particular relevance to the studied light effects. The complex principles used to deploy light in this historically significant church invite further analyses along similar lines of inquiry for other medieval and early modern churches both in Moldavia and throughout the Byzantine and Slavic cultural spheres.