合成复合词系统的生成机制研究 ——基于语体语法的视角

摘要:关于合成复合词 OVN 和 VON 的结构特征及其合法性问题,学界已从形式句法、韵律语法及句法、韵律、语义等多重因素相互作用等方面做了较为丰富的探讨,但目前仍有很大争议。本文试图在学界既有研究的基础上提出新的分析角度,以期对合成复合词各种类型的生成机制及其约束条件做出更为一致性的描写和解释。文章首先系统描写了合成复合词系统复杂多样的组配类型及其合法性、合用性表现,概括了学界关于合成复合词生成条件所讨论的主要方面及有待解决的问题,由此提出基于语体语法基本原理的研究路径。在建构语体语法的时空性原理及其运作规则系统的基础上,文章逐一分析了不同类型合成复合词的合法性和合用性的具体约束条件,并对各种特殊类型和特殊用例的生成动因做出阐释。文章由此提出,对合成复合词的生成机制而言,所谓的例外、特例、反例现象是受到多重互动关系制约的结果;合成复合词的类型学差异受到语言结构特征和特殊语体动因的相互制约,这为建立语体类型学提供了一个很好的参照。文章最后指出,这种基于多重互动关系作用机制的研究,可以启发我们对相关研究的方法论问题做出新的思考。 ABSTRACT:Both the structural characteristics and grammaticality issues of synthetic compounds OVN and VON have been fully discussed from perspectives of formal syntax, prosodic grammar and multiple interactions among syntax, prosody and semantics. However, there is still a lot of controversy. This paper puts forward a new analysis based on existing studies and aims to provide a more consistent description and explanation on generative mechanism and constraints of all types of synthetic compounds. First, this paper systematically describes the complex and diverse combination types of synthetic compounds as well as their grammaticality and usability, and summarizes the main aspects and problems to be solved in terms of generative constraints of these compounds, which pave the way to propose a new approach from Stylistic-Register Grammar. With Spatio-Temporal Principle and operational rules of Stylistic-Register Grammar, this paper analyzes the specific constraints on the grammaticality and usability of different types of synthetic compounds, and explains the motivations of special types and cases. Therefore, this paper suggests that the so-called exceptions, special examples or counter-examples are essentially the results of multiple interactions, while the differences of typological features of synthetic compounds are the results of interactions between structural characteristics and specific register motivations, which provide a good reference for the establishment of stylistic-register typology. Lastly, this paper points out that the approach focusing on multi-interactive mechanism could inspire us to make new thinking on the methodologies in related research fields.