荞麦:一种评估其作为超级作物潜力的关键方法

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI:10.31742/ijgpb.81.1.1
N. Chrungoo, Upasna Chettry
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引用次数: 7

摘要

荞麦因其营养和药用特性而引起了全球科学界的极大兴趣。它是一种低投入的作物,在几乎每个种植谷物的国家,其种植已经持续了几个世纪的文明。该作物是芦丁的重要来源,芦丁是一种重要的类黄酮,已知具有心脏保护、血管保护、降压、抗炎、细胞保护和抗糖尿病特性。荞麦颗粒富含蛋白质,氨基酸组成平衡,无麸质面粉、膳食纤维、维生素、抗性淀粉、植物甾醇、荞麦蛋白、荞麦糖醇和酚类化合物。荞麦是一种短季作物,在70-90天内完成其生命周期,可以在各种环境条件下生长,包括边缘土地和岩石、贫瘠的土壤。荞麦面中的蛋白质含量高于大米、小麦、小米、高粱和玉米等常用谷物。荞麦蛋白富含赖氨酸和精氨酸,这在其他谷物中通常是有限的。荞麦蛋白由于Lys/Arg和Met/Gly比值低,具有较强的降血脂活性。尽管荞麦因其营养特性而被认为是一种健康食品,但在实现普通荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)大规模纳入农业投资组合的过程中,由于断蒂而导致的种子破碎和由于二型异基因导致的自交不亲和而导致的杂合性导致的低产量一直是主要问题。本综述强调了荞麦作为一种超级作物在应对粮食和营养安全挑战方面的多核心潜力。
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Buckwheat: A critical approach towards assessment of its potential as a super crop
Buckwheat has attracted considerable interest amongst the global scientific community due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. It is a low input crop whose cultivation has persisted through centuries of civilization in almost every country where cereals were cultivated. The crop is an important source of rutin, an important flavonoid which is known to have cardioprotective, vasoprotective, antihypertensive, anti-inflammation, cytoprotective and anti-diabetic properties. Grains of buckwheat are a rich source of protein with a balanced amino acid composition, gluten free flour, dietary fibre, vitamins, resistant starch, phytosterols, fagopyrins, fagopyritols and phenolic compounds. Buckwheat is a short season crop which completes its life cycle in 70-90 days and can grow in wide range of environmental conditions including marginal lands and rocky, poorly tilled soils. The protein content in buckwheat flour is higher than in commonly used cereals such as rice, wheat, millet, sorghum and maize. Buckwheat grain protein is rich in lysine and arginine, which are generally limiting in other cereals. Because of a low Lys/ Arg and Met/Gly ratio, buckwheat protein has strong hypolipidemic activity. While Buckwheat is considered as a healthy food because of its nutraceutical properties, low yields due to seed shattering because of pedicel breaking and heterozygosity due to self-incompatibility as a consequence of dimorphic heterostylism have always remained major problems in achieving large scale incorporation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) in the agricultural portfolio. The present review highlights the multicore potential of buckwheat as a super crop to meet the challenges of food and nutritional security.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
10.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Advance the cause of genetics and plant breeding and to encourage and promote study and research in these disciplines in the service of agriculture; to disseminate the knowledge of genetics and plant breeding; provide facilities for association and conference among students of genetics and plant breeding and for encouragement of close relationship between them and those in the related sciences; advocate policies in the interest of the nation in the field of genetics and plant breeding, and facilitate international cooperation in the field of genetics and plant breeding.
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