Future Policy Planning of Law Enforcement and Criminal Execution to Face Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, Covid19 has rapidly spread worldwide. In the middle of 2019, by paying attention to the victims affected by covid-19 in the country more and more, the government, through Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 on The Determination of Public Health Emergency Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), has established a public health emergency, following the event as a non-natural national disaster through the Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 on the Determination of Non-natural Disasters The Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid19) as a national disaster, attempts to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus are also carried out by the government through the Correctional Institution and Detention Center and Child Development Institutions as a closed institution that in actually experienced overcrowding conditions that facilitate the transmission of Covid-19. In the face of overcrowding prison, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, the Directorate General of Corrections, has implemented several policies on the Correctional Institutions, Detention Center and Child Development Institutions. Considering the number of people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic is increased, it is not yet known exactly when it will decrease in the graph, criminal acts will continue to occur so that it will cause problems for the execution of unlawful deprivation of liberty that will have implications for the enforcement of criminal law in the future. Keyword: Overcrowding, Criminal Law, Execution, Covid-19. Future Policy Planning of Law Enforcement and Criminal Execution to Face Covid-19 Pandemic Jurnal Nurani Hukum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 4 No. 2 Desember 2021, ISSN.2655-7169 | 17 ABSTRAK Sejak dilaporkan pertama kali akhir Desember 2019 di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei Cina, Covid-19 dengan cepat menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Sejak Maret 2020, dengan memperhatikan korban terkena covid-19 di tanah air yang semakin banyak, pemerintah melalui Kepres No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid -19) telah menetapkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat, menyusul peristiwa tersebut sebagai bencana nasional non alam melalui Kepres No. 12 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Bencana Nonalam Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional. Upaya pencegahan penularan virus Covid-19 dilakukan juga oleh pemerintah melalui Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) dan Rumah Tahanan (RUTAN) serta Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) sebagai closed institution yang kenyatannya mengalami kondisi over crowding yang memudahkan transmisi Covid-19, dalam menghadapi problematika over crowding lapas, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia melalui Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan telah mengambil beberapa kebijakan untuk diterapkan di Lapas/Rutan/LPKA, dengan fokus utama yaitu kebijakan pengeluaran Narapidana dan Anak melalui Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 10 tahun 2020 tentang Syarat Pemberian Asimilasi dan Hak Integrasi bagi Narapidana dan Anak dalam rangka Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Penyebaran Covid-19 dan Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor M.HH-19.PK.01.04.04 tahun 2020 tentang Pengeluaran dan Pembebasan Narapidana dan Anak melalui Asimilasi dan Integrasi dalam rangka Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Penyebaran Covid19. Mengingat bahwa angka orang yang terjangkit pandemi Covid-19 terus meningkat dan belum diketahui secara pasti kapan akan menurun grafiknya, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu tindak pidana akan terus terjadi sehingga hal tersebut akan menimbulkan permasalahan bagi eksekusi pidana perampasan kemerdekaan yang akan berimplikasi kepada penegakkan hukum pidana di masa mendatang. Kata Kunci: Overcrowding, Eksekusi Pidana, Covid-19. Future Policy Planning Of Law Enforcement and Criminal Execution In Order To Face Covid-19 Pandemic 18 | Jurnal Nurani Hukum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 4 No. 2 Desember 2021, ISSN.2655-7169 Introduction At the beginning of 2020, the Ministry of Health Of Indonesia report recorded the spread of the first Covid-19, which was previously the first phenomenon in Wuhan, at the end of 2019.1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has reached 1,911,358 people confirmed infected with Covid-19.2 As for the characteristics of the fast and deadly transmission of Covid19, penal institutions and detention centers are one of the places that are prone to being a means of spreading Covid-19, this is due to overcrowding in correctional institutions or detention centers due to the criminal execution mechanism which further worsens the conditions of overcrowded prisons or detention centers due to the Covid-19 pandemic.3 Methodology Research using normative legal research methods (normative legal analysis) is also called library law research.4 And also called library research or document study, and the research concern using secondary data in libraries5, such as books and official 1 Hisyam Ikhtiar, Analisis Kebijakan Asimilasi dan Integrasi Narapidana di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat, 2020). P. 1. 2 World Health Organization, “Covid-19 Report in Indonesia,” 2021. 3 Ikhtiar, Analisis Kebijakan Asimilasi dan Integrasi Narapidana di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. P.3. 4 Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat (Jakarta: Rajawali Perss, 2009). P. 13-14. 5 Palmawati Tahir., Muhamad Muslih., dan Rani Sri Agustina, “MUI HALAL CERTIFICATION ON MILKFISH SATAY AS AN EFFORT TO SUPPORT NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY,” LEGAL STANDING JURNAL ILMU HUKUM 4, no. 1 (2020): 233–46, https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v4 i1.2670. documents from the government.6 Normative legal research is built on an interpretive rational-consistent conceptual map containing rationalism, legal positivism, a priori, analysis, deduction, coherence, interpretation, library research, secondary and qualitative data.7 Normative legal research analyzes the reciprocal relationship between legal facts and social facts where the law view as an independent variable and social attributes view as the dependent variable. This type of research starts from new legal norms to social realities.8 The researchers used normative legal research methods with a conceptual approach (conceptual approach), namely looking for principles, doctrines, and sources of law in a philosophical sense.9 This legal research aims to find written positive legal principles or doctrines or research on legal rules in society. This type of research is commonly called dogmatic studies or doctrinal research. 10This legal research researcher works analytically inductively, the process starts from the premises in the form of positive legal norms that are known and ends with the discovery of legal principles or doctrines.11 Discussion A. Enforcement of Criminal Execution Law The culmination of a case in the trial process is the judge's decision itself, therefore, before deciding on the matters that the judge currently handled, the judge must consider thoroughly and 6 Ishaq, Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis serta Disertasi (Bandung: Alfabeta Press, 2007). P. 27. 7 Ishaq. 8 Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. 9 Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji. 10 Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji. 11 Soerjono Soekanto and Sri Mamudji. Future Policy Planning of Law Enforcement and Criminal Execution in Order to Face Covid-19 Pandemic Jurnal Nurani Hukum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 4 No. 2 Desember 2021, ISSN.2655-7169 |19 explicitly the details and all aspects of the case.12 In every outcome of the possibility that the judge has tried and decided, a legal consequence must be carried out by the party deemed to be proven guilty by the court decision.13 In the criminal decision, legal matters must be implemented by the party who has been proven guilty are in the form of conviction, acquittal, and acquittal of all lawsuits.14 The decree in the form of punishment,15 punishment means "The Infliction of pain by the State on someone who convicted of an offense."16 This case, consists of the main punishment, included in the main punishment, namely the death penalty, imprisonment, fines, additional penalties, confiscation of revoking certain rights, confiscating certain goods, and announcing court decisions.17 In this case, the punishment is imposed solely because the person has committed a crime or criminal act (quia peccatum est), crime is an absolute implication or consequence that exists as retaliation in the form of suffering or punishment for people who commit crimes.18 According to Hegel, Criminal law is a logical perspective and a consequence of crime because the crime itself is a manifestation of the denial of the order or state law.19 Somebody can view the realization of material criminal law enforcement from 12 Ahmad Rifai, Penemuan Hukum Dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011). P. 94. 13 Rifai. 14 Rifai. 15 Rifai. 16 Muladi and Barda Nawawi Arief, Teori-teori dan Kebijakan Pidana (Bandung: Alumni Bandung, 1984). P. 2. 17 “Article 10 of the Criminal Code” (n.d.). 18 Muladi and Barda Nawawi Arief, Teori-teori dan Kebijakan Pidana. P. 10-11. 19 Muladi and Barda Nawawi Arief. P. 1213. an indicator of whether the decision that has been handed down by the judge and has permanent legal force can be immediately executed following the rules that should be, the execution process of court decisions in criminal cases should be carried out quickly and efficiently, considering that the criminal execution process, this is the authority of a court decision as to the end of the law enforcement process.20 The judge's decision in a criminal case for the law enforcement process is formally carried out by the prosecutor as the executor who has the authority t