MicroRNAs:从垃圾RNA到生命调节因子及其在心血管疾病中的作用

IF 0.5 Q4 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Cardiogenetics Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI:10.3390/cardiogenetics11040023
Federica Amodio, M. Caiazza, F. Fimiani, P. Calabrò, G. Limongelli
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引用次数: 1

摘要

微小RNA(miRNA)是单链小的非编码RNA(18-25个核苷酸),直到几年前还被认为是垃圾RNA。在过去的二十年里,由于了解了它们对基因表达的影响,以及它们在转录后水平上作为负调控因子的作用,影响信使RNA(mRNA)的稳定性,它们变得更加重要。大约5%的基因组编码miRNA,miRNA负责调节许多信号通路、细胞过程和细胞间通信。在心血管系统中,miRNA控制各种细胞的功能,如心肌细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞,在生理和病理过程中发挥作用,似乎也与收缩性和遗传性心肌病的变化有关。它们为肥大、纤维化、心律失常、炎症和动脉粥样硬化等疾病的病理生理学提供了新的视角。miRNA在病变组织中差异表达,可以释放到循环中,然后进行检测。miRNA在开发包括心脏病在内的各种疾病的新诊断和治疗工具方面变得很有意思。在这篇综述中,将介绍miRNA的概念及其在心肌病中的作用,重点介绍其作为治疗和诊断靶点(作为生物标志物)的潜力。
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MicroRNAs: From Junk RNA to Life Regulators and Their Role in Cardiovascular Disease
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small non-coding RNA (18–25 nucleotides) that until a few years ago were considered junk RNA. In the last twenty years, they have acquired more importance thanks to the understanding of their influence on gene expression and their role as negative regulators at post-transcriptional level, influencing the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA). Approximately 5% of the genome encodes miRNAs which are responsible for regulating numerous signaling pathways, cellular processes and cell-to-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs control the functions of various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, playing a role in physiological and pathological processes and seeming also related to variations in contractility and hereditary cardiomyopathies. They provide a new perspective on the pathophysiology of disorders such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, arrhythmia, inflammation and atherosclerosis. MiRNAs are differentially expressed in diseased tissue and can be released into the circulation and then detected. MiRNAs have become interesting for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, including heart disease. In this review, the concept of miRNAs and their role in cardiomyopathies will be introduced, focusing on their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic targets (as biomarkers).
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来源期刊
Cardiogenetics
Cardiogenetics CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
11 weeks
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