无重金属化合物在表面涂层中的应用

IF 2.3 4区 材料科学 Q2 Chemistry Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s11998-022-00648-4
Dayanand Puthran, Dilip Patil
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引用次数: 4

摘要

自古以来,涂料就被用于装饰和保护目的。在最初阶段,由于没有太多关于原材料对健康影响的信息,因此没有考虑或限制涂料中任何成分的使用。一些原材料,如白铅(碳酸铅)、红铅(氧化铅)、六价铬化合物和其他类似的化合物被大量使用,以获得特定的漆膜性能。这不仅影响人类健康,而且由于没有有效的污水处理,污染了土壤和水资源。随着技术和诊断的进步,铅和铬化合物已被确定为致癌物。发达国家(欧洲和美国)在20世纪70年代和80年代率先禁止在其产品中使用铅,但主要由于经济原因,这些产品仍在发展中国家使用。由于对健康的长期影响难以承受,各国政府已颁布法规/立法,限制在油漆中使用铅/铬。全球消除含铅涂料联盟(GAELP)是在联合国环境规划署下成立的一个联合协会,它与世界卫生组织已同意到2020年逐步停止生产和销售含铅涂料。涂料中使用的许多其他化合物也存在类似的限制。本文试图简要介绍涂料成分的历史,重金属对健康和环境的影响,以及转向更安全的涂料成分的可用选择。由于世界主要关注的是消除铅,因此已经进行了更详细的介绍,但本文也提供了其他金属的信息,即镉,铬,汞,砷,锑,锡,镍,锰,钴等,以及它们的现状。
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Usage of heavy metal-free compounds in surface coatings

Coatings have been used since time immemorial for decorative and protective purposes. During the initial periods, when not much information was available regarding the health impact of the raw materials, there was no thought given or restrictions put on use of any ingredients in coatings. Some of the raw materials like white lead (lead carbonate), red lead (lead oxide), hexavalent chromium compounds, and other similar compounds were being used in large quantities to get specific paint film properties. This not only affected human health but also with no effective effluent treatment contaminated soil and water resources. With progress in technology and diagnostics, lead and chromium compounds have been identified as carcinogens. The developed countries (Europe and USA) were the first to ban the use of lead in their products in the 1970s and 1980s, but due to mainly economic reasons, these are still being used in the developing countries. As the long-term health impact is too much to bear, regulations/legislations have been enacted by the governments restricting use of lead/chrome in paints. The Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint (GAELP), a joint association formed under the United Nations Environment programme, and World Health Organization have agreed to phase out manufacture and sale of paints containing lead by 2020. Similar restrictions exist for many other compounds used in coatings. The article attempts to present a synopsis of the history of coatings composition, impact of the heavy metals on health and environment, and the options available for shifting to safer coating composition. As major focus of the world is on lead elimination, it has been covered in more detail, but the article also provides information on other metals, namely cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic, antimony, tin, nickel, manganese, cobalt, etc., and their current status.

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来源期刊
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research CHEMISTRY, APPLIED-MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
8.70%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research (JCTR) is a forum for the exchange of research, experience, knowledge and ideas among those with a professional interest in the science, technology and manufacture of functional, protective and decorative coatings including paints, inks and related coatings and their raw materials, and similar topics.
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