British but not a Briton: Anglophilia and Black British Identity Formation in E. R. Braithwaite

Abstract:This essay re-examines Anglophilia, a quintessential conservative colonial affect, to illustrate how emotional structures that function as modes of psychic colonialism can concurrently produce unanticipated effects. E. R. Braithwaite's best-selling autobiographical novel, To Sir, With Love (1959), is a Windrush account of a Black, middle-class, Caribbean immigrant's life in Britain that, largely due to its explicit Anglophilia, has not garnered much critical attention within a conventional postcolonial framework. I use affect studies to read this text's Anglophilic affiliations as a complicated process of Black diasporic identity formation that questions the simultaneity of race and national belonging. British identity in the mid-twentieth century was understood in highly emotive, racialized terms—such as "civilized," "Christian," or "advanced"—that stood in for explicit references to whiteness. This structure had the effect of appearing to separate Britishness from whiteness in discourses about race and nationality, thus creating a space within which Braithwaite could imagine the possibility of being a Black Briton. Braithwaite's text reveals Anglophilia to be a complex affective structure that, while being invested in ideas of morality, nation, and civilization, can also unexpectedly destabilize prevalent social norms (while reinforcing others) as it participates in the process of denaturalizing automatic assumptions of racial superiority.