Research Progress on Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Strategy in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common type of kidney cancer in adults and constitutes approximately 90% of all renal malignancies. Although advancements have been made in the treatment of RCC, the 5 -year survival rate is still low, and new treatment modalities are still required. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxide products. Recent studies revealed the involvement of ferroptosis metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and System XC-GSH-GPX4 shafts as major mechanisms closely related to RCC progression. Nanoparticles in combination with small molecular ferroptosis induction agents have the advantages of solubility, targeted enhancement, low systemic toxicity, controllable drug control, and synergy advantage in emerging combination therapies. In the future, it is possible to be used in nano treatment. The relationship between ferroptosis-related mechanisms and RCC progression and its role in the treatment could provide novel treatment strategies for patients with advance-stage RCC.