18世纪下半叶俄罗斯君主的强制忏悔:从肉体惩罚到灵魂矫正

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI:10.30965/18763316-12340054
L. Marasinova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文着重探讨了利用寺院神圣空间惩罚罪犯及其同时净化精神的问题。研究这一现象的独特性和特殊的启发价值是由以下情况决定的。长期以来,统治者一直使用剃度仪式来惩罚不受欢迎和危险的个人,并将他们从王位附近赶走。然而,这种王室愤怒表现的“荣誉”只授予那些属于沙皇核心圈子的人,而名誉扫地的朝臣们并没有发现自己被关在修道院的围墙后面是为了他们内心的精神矫正,而只是为了孤立他们。在叶卡捷琳娜二世统治期间,女皇主动发现修道院中忏悔作为对严重罪行的惩罚的做法显著增加。值得注意的是,这类句子最早出现在凯瑟琳对句子的书面确认中,之后它们开始被世俗法院广泛使用。这项工作的结论是基于参议院通过的皇家死刑确认书、地方总理府的档案以及修道院基金会住持提交的报告。这些材料使我们能够就18世纪下半叶俄罗斯惩罚的逐渐人性化以及在法庭判决中越来越多地使用教会惯例得出初步结论,而此时精神管辖权的范围正在缩小。
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Forced Penance in Russian Monasteries in the Second Half of the 18th Century: From Punishment of the Body to Correction of the Soul
This paper focusses on the use of the sacred space of monasteries for the punishment of criminals and their simultaneous spiritual purification. The uniqueness and therefore special heuristic value of study into this phenomenon is determined by the following circumstances. The ritual of tonsure has long been used by rulers to punish undesirable and dangerous individuals and remove them from proximity to the throne. However, the “honor” of such a manifestation of royal anger was only awarded to those belonging to the tsar’s inner circle, and disgraced courtiers did not find themselves locked behind monastic walls for the sake of their internal spiritual correction, but solely in order to isolate them. During the reign of Catherine II, the Empress’s own initiative saw a marked increase in the practice of penance in monasteries as punishment for serious crimes. It is noteworthy that such sentences first appeared in Catherine’s written confirmations of sentences, after which they began to be widely utilized by the secular courts. The conclusions of this work are based on royal confirmations of death sentences passed by the Senate, the archives of the local chancelleries, and reports submitted by the abbots of monastic foundations. These materials enable us to draw preliminary conclusions regarding the gradual humanization of punishments in Russia in the second half of the 18th century and the growing use of ecclesiastical practices in court sentences, all at a time in which the scope of spiritual jurisdiction was being reduced.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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