Measuring Data Loss Resulting from Interference

This paper presents an observing methodology for calibrated measurements of radio interference levels and compares these with threshold interference limits that have been established for interference entering the bands allocated to the Radio Astronomy Service. The measurement time and bandwidth intervals for these observations may be commensurate with the time and frequency variability characteristic of the interfering signals and the threshold levels may be appropriately scaled from the values presented in ITU-R RA.769 using a 2000[Formula: see text]s reference time interval. The data loss for astronomical instruments may be measured as a percentage of occupancy in the time–frequency domain both for short and long measurement intervals. The observed time–frequency occupancy characteristics for non-geostationary satellite systems and earth stations in the mobile–satellite service may be incorporated into an effective power flux density simulation to obtain the effective data loss and sky blockage due to these services.