Congenital Heart Disease: Frequency and the Need for Intervention on the First Year of Birth

Congenital heart diseases are described as structural abnormalities of the heart and large vessels which are very important in the heart function and are differently prevalent in many societies. Few studies have been carried out on the prevalence of the congenital heart diseases and the condition of such patients within the first year of their life. In this investigation, the frequency of the neonates suffered from congenital heart diseases and the necessity to do interventional treatment within the first year after their birth have been studied. Methods: In this cohort study, all infants born in 2014 in Kashan city are examined for possible congenital heart diseases through physical and paraclinical examinations. The infants suffering from congenital heart disease were followed up for the necessity of interventional treatment during their first year of life. Findings: The frequency of the congenital heart disease was 1.09 percent. Valvular abnormalities and tetralogy of fallout with 23.1 and 21.8 percent respectively, were the most common congenital heart diseases. Among 78 patients, only 16 infants (20.5%) required early interventional treatment during the first year. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that congenital cardiac diseases are rarely common. Tetralogy of fallout as well as valvular defect was mostly common abnormality that needs early interventional treatments.