Pub Date : 2020-12-12DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-20-00003.1
Yahya Almarhabi
Introduction: The conventional surgical apprenticeship has been challenged by patient safety concerns, cost of lengthy operation, and surgical complications. Simulation-based training (SBT) has emerged as a realistic option for surgical skills acquisition outside the operating room (OR). The study aimed to document our experience in implementing SBT to acquire basic surgical skills, offered as an educational course, known as the Basic Surgery Skill Course (BSSC). Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and December 2019 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Saudi Arabia, including all participants who participated during BSSCs. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on age, sex, training level, institution, overall experience, course overload, course duration, best feature of the course, and whether participants would recommend the course to their colleagues. Whenever possible, self-reported data were compared with registration records, and any conflict was resolved by discussion. Results: BSSC was found in a total of 489 participants. More than 58% of the participants were men. Majority of students came from out of KAUH (61%) and were medical interns (63%). Overall experience of the course was very beneficial (57%). The course workload and duration were rated as about right by 82% and 75% of participants, respectively. Majority of participants found that the “hands-on practice” as the best segment of the course (76%). Conclusion: The study showed a positive perception of this surgical education modality among participants. This study will help guide the future research on advanced simulation-based surgical training in the region.
{"title":"Simulation-Based Training in Basic Surgical Skills: Experiences from A Repeat Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Yahya Almarhabi","doi":"10.9738/intsurg-d-20-00003.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-20-00003.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The conventional surgical apprenticeship has been challenged by patient safety concerns, cost of lengthy operation, and surgical complications. Simulation-based training (SBT) has emerged as a realistic option for surgical skills acquisition outside the operating room (OR). The study aimed to document our experience in implementing SBT to acquire basic surgical skills, offered as an educational course, known as the Basic Surgery Skill Course (BSSC). Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and December 2019 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Saudi Arabia, including all participants who participated during BSSCs. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on age, sex, training level, institution, overall experience, course overload, course duration, best feature of the course, and whether participants would recommend the course to their colleagues. Whenever possible, self-reported data were compared with registration records, and any conflict was resolved by discussion. Results: BSSC was found in a total of 489 participants. More than 58% of the participants were men. Majority of students came from out of KAUH (61%) and were medical interns (63%). Overall experience of the course was very beneficial (57%). The course workload and duration were rated as about right by 82% and 75% of participants, respectively. Majority of participants found that the “hands-on practice” as the best segment of the course (76%). Conclusion: The study showed a positive perception of this surgical education modality among participants. This study will help guide the future research on advanced simulation-based surgical training in the region.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71207995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-57256/v1
L. Alhowaish, A. Aljohar, M. Arafa, Lujane Almarshed, Reem Binrabbaa, Sarah Albabtain
Background: The single most chronic disease impacting children on an international scale is dental caries; there are alerts to deaths of children as a result of the complications caused by dental caries, despite the fact that this disease is completely preventable. This study aims to evaluate physicians’ dental knowledge, preventive measures they would provide and their referral patterns to paediatric dentists.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Certified paediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) from different sectors were invited to participate. The survey comprised 24 questions, distributed into 5 sections; demographic data, dental knowledge, participation in oral preventive measures, case scenarios and one question about participants’ opinion in implementing oral health rotations in the paediatric residency program. Results: 406 physicians participated in the study. Only 4.4 % of the participants answered all the knowledge questions correctly, the mean correct knowledge score was 2.95 ± 0.9937 out of 5. No significant difference was detected in the total knowledge score according to gender (P= 0.315), specialty and years of experience (P= 0.463 and 0.985 respectively). Common causes for referral were dental pain or swelling (67%) followed by a child with dental caries (43.6%). Less than 60% of the respondents would refer children to any dentist in the same hospital, while only 28 % only advise parents to consult a dentist. Most physicians suggested the addition of an oral health rotation in the medical residency program.Conclusions: The current level of oral health knowledge is not satisfactory to provide effective paediatric patients referrals to dentists, although their attitude towards providing oral preventive measures is good. Oral health knowledge and engagement should be emphasized in medical schools. Early and correct referral can be effective in preventing oral disease. The integration of oral health in undergraduate and specialty training curricula is vital to achieve disease prevention goals.
{"title":"Referral Patterns of Paediatricians and General Medical Practitioners to Paediatric Dental Clinics and Oral Health Knowledge in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"L. Alhowaish, A. Aljohar, M. Arafa, Lujane Almarshed, Reem Binrabbaa, Sarah Albabtain","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-57256/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-57256/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The single most chronic disease impacting children on an international scale is dental caries; there are alerts to deaths of children as a result of the complications caused by dental caries, despite the fact that this disease is completely preventable. This study aims to evaluate physicians’ dental knowledge, preventive measures they would provide and their referral patterns to paediatric dentists.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Certified paediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) from different sectors were invited to participate. The survey comprised 24 questions, distributed into 5 sections; demographic data, dental knowledge, participation in oral preventive measures, case scenarios and one question about participants’ opinion in implementing oral health rotations in the paediatric residency program. Results: 406 physicians participated in the study. Only 4.4 % of the participants answered all the knowledge questions correctly, the mean correct knowledge score was 2.95 ± 0.9937 out of 5. No significant difference was detected in the total knowledge score according to gender (P= 0.315), specialty and years of experience (P= 0.463 and 0.985 respectively). Common causes for referral were dental pain or swelling (67%) followed by a child with dental caries (43.6%). Less than 60% of the respondents would refer children to any dentist in the same hospital, while only 28 % only advise parents to consult a dentist. Most physicians suggested the addition of an oral health rotation in the medical residency program.Conclusions: The current level of oral health knowledge is not satisfactory to provide effective paediatric patients referrals to dentists, although their attitude towards providing oral preventive measures is good. Oral health knowledge and engagement should be emphasized in medical schools. Early and correct referral can be effective in preventing oral disease. The integration of oral health in undergraduate and specialty training curricula is vital to achieve disease prevention goals.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2347-2545.20.8.32-36
Sarah M Khammas, A. Mohammed
Background: Milk is an important part of human diets and consideration has been given for the possibility that the dairy food intake could help in preventing oral health problems. This study aimed to estimate the effect of milk and other dairy products on the dental caries and plaque among the adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were 405 adolescent females from the secondary school in Al-Thahab Al-Abyedh village aged 13-18 years. The information on the dairy intake was assessed by using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for the adolescents. To represent the dairy products consumption clearly, it was divided into three levels. The dental caries and plaque were assessed by the visual and tactile examination using the dental mirrors and community periodontal index probes. Results: The mean plaque index value among 13-15 years was found to be higher than 16-18 years females (0.951, 0.940) respectively but with no statistical difference (P>0.05). The means of (DS, MS, FS, DMFS and DMFT) were lower among the younger group. Significant differences were detected among the yogurt consumption levels regarding the mean of plaque index specifically between the low and high levels, whereas no significant differences among all levels of dairy intake and the caries experience. Conclusions: These data suggested that no differences were occurred between the levels of dairy intake and the dental caries. Nevertheless, a high level of yogurt intake might be associated with lower prevalence of the dental plaque among the adolescents.
{"title":"The Effect of Dairy Products Intake on Dental Caries across Adolescent Females in Al Thahab Al Abyedh Village Baghdad","authors":"Sarah M Khammas, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.35248/2347-2545.20.8.32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2347-2545.20.8.32-36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Milk is an important part of human diets and consideration has been given for the possibility that the dairy food intake could help in preventing oral health problems. This study aimed to estimate the effect of milk and other dairy products on the dental caries and plaque among the adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were 405 adolescent females from the secondary school in Al-Thahab Al-Abyedh village aged 13-18 years. The information on the dairy intake was assessed by using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire for the adolescents. To represent the dairy products consumption clearly, it was divided into three levels. The dental caries and plaque were assessed by the visual and tactile examination using the dental mirrors and community periodontal index probes. Results: The mean plaque index value among 13-15 years was found to be higher than 16-18 years females (0.951, 0.940) respectively but with no statistical difference (P>0.05). The means of (DS, MS, FS, DMFS and DMFT) were lower among the younger group. Significant differences were detected among the yogurt consumption levels regarding the mean of plaque index specifically between the low and high levels, whereas no significant differences among all levels of dairy intake and the caries experience. Conclusions: These data suggested that no differences were occurred between the levels of dairy intake and the dental caries. Nevertheless, a high level of yogurt intake might be associated with lower prevalence of the dental plaque among the adolescents.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70014874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Iriagbonse Eroje, Erasmus Kofi Appiah, A. Eroje, M. Zakirulla, J. Kunjappu, I. Alshahrani
Background Leadership has become the key issues in managing the organization, the emerging business and economic environments have forced organizations to be flexible, adaptive, entrepreneurial and innovative to meet changing demand of the present-day business environment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between the various dimensions of transformational leadership (predictor variable) and their effects on employees’ job satisfaction (criterion variable) in three selected Colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Science) in King Khalid University. Methods The methodology employed in this study was a quantitative and cross-sectional correlational survey type of design Data collection was done using a questionnaire design that was directly administered to the participants. 250 questionnaires were sent to the participating three colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences). Results The findings of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a weak positive association between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). The multiple linear regression analysis signifies a weak positive correlation between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). A p-value in Spearman’s rho that is less than the 0.05 level of significance indicated that there is a significant level of relationship which exists between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction. Conclusions This study concluded that transformational leadership behaviour and its four dimensions showed a weak positive correlation with a statistically significant level of relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction among three selected colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences) in King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"The relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction in selected colleges at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Esther Iriagbonse Eroje, Erasmus Kofi Appiah, A. Eroje, M. Zakirulla, J. Kunjappu, I. Alshahrani","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.11236/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11236/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000Leadership has become the key issues in managing the organization, the emerging business and economic environments have forced organizations to be flexible, adaptive, entrepreneurial and innovative to meet changing demand of the present-day business environment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between the various dimensions of transformational leadership (predictor variable) and their effects on employees’ job satisfaction (criterion variable) in three selected Colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Science) in King Khalid University.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000The methodology employed in this study was a quantitative and cross-sectional correlational survey type of design Data collection was done using a questionnaire design that was directly administered to the participants. 250 questionnaires were sent to the participating three colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences).\u0000\u0000Results\u0000\u0000The findings of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a weak positive association between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). The multiple linear regression analysis signifies a weak positive correlation between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction (R-value 0.386). A p-value in Spearman’s rho that is less than the 0.05 level of significance indicated that there is a significant level of relationship which exists between transformational leadership behaviour and job satisfaction.\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000\u0000This study concluded that transformational leadership behaviour and its four dimensions showed a weak positive correlation with a statistically significant level of relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and employees’ job satisfaction among three selected colleges (Medicine, Dentistry and Sciences) in King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaghoob Madmoli, M. Salimi, M. Madmoli, Narjes Davoodi, F. Rostami, R. Heidari-soureshjani, N. Yousefi
Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and family cohesion among people with thalassemia Major. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with thalassemia major of Dezful Large Hospital in 2015. Data were collected by three questionnaires: demographic data, Standard Spiritual Well-being Scale by Daaleman and Frey and Moos Family Cohesion Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 statistical test, Pearson correlation and linear regression with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The average score of spiritual well-being and self-efficacy subscales were 9.66 ± 34.58 and 9.66 ± 14.68, respectively; which indicates the average level of these variables. Linear regression test results also showed that there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship between spiritual well-being and family cohesion (B=0.25) and between selfefficacy and family cohesion (B=0.24); but there was no significant relationship between life scheme and family cohesion (B=0.16) (p=0.10). Conclusion: In this study it was observed that a significant direct correlation exists between spiritual well-being and family cohesion. The role of the family as the main supportive institution against the challenges of life is undeniable. Hence, by increasing the level of spiritual well-being of the patients some steps can be taken to promote the cohesion of patients’ families in order to decrease their spiritual and physical problems.
{"title":"The Relationship between Spiritual Well-being and Family Cohesion in Patients with Thalassemia Major","authors":"Yaghoob Madmoli, M. Salimi, M. Madmoli, Narjes Davoodi, F. Rostami, R. Heidari-soureshjani, N. Yousefi","doi":"10.18869/mphbs.2016.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and family cohesion among people with thalassemia Major. \u0000 \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with thalassemia major of Dezful Large Hospital in 2015. Data were collected by three questionnaires: demographic data, Standard Spiritual Well-being Scale by Daaleman and Frey and Moos Family Cohesion Scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 statistical test, Pearson correlation and linear regression with a significance level of p<0.05. \u0000 \u0000Results: The average score of spiritual well-being and self-efficacy subscales were 9.66 ± 34.58 and 9.66 ± 14.68, respectively; which indicates the average level of these variables. Linear regression test results also showed that there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship between spiritual well-being and family cohesion (B=0.25) and between selfefficacy and family cohesion (B=0.24); but there was no significant relationship between life scheme and family cohesion (B=0.16) (p=0.10). \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: In this study it was observed that a significant direct correlation exists between spiritual well-being and family cohesion. The role of the family as the main supportive institution against the challenges of life is undeniable. Hence, by increasing the level of spiritual well-being of the patients some steps can be taken to promote the cohesion of patients’ families in order to decrease their spiritual and physical problems.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sadr, Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaii, G. Khanbabaee, Ali Azimi, M. Khalilian, Elham Zarghami, Y. Nilipour, M. Sharif
Background: Use of long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is increasing greatly worldwide in children with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) of all ages. This treatment requires delivery of ventilation through a non-invasive interface. Cardiac function in majority of these children is impaired. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of institution of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on quality of life (QOL) and cardiac function in children with CRF related to neuromuscular disorders. Methods: Information obtained from all of the children under 16 years old with CRF due to neuromuscular disorders who were on NIV for at least six months and that were referred to Mofid children's hospital, Tehran, Iran between September 1, 2013, to September 1, 2017.Based on previous studies they were assessed from the year prior to starting NIV and annually thereafter. Data obtained included diagnosis, pulmonary function test, echocardiographic data, length of hospitalizations, and health care costs. Patients and parents completed questionnaires assessing QOL with NIV and recalling QOL one year before commencing NIV. All results were recorded in information forms and data were analyzed with chi square and entered in SPSS 21. Results: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (median 18). Before and after NIV hospitalization rates (P<0.001), PICU admission (P<0.001) and health care costs decreased respectively. QOL remained stable after NIV despite disease progression (P<0.001). Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P=0.009) is diminished. Symptoms of daytime sleepiness (P<0.001) and headache (P<0.001) improved after initiation of NIV. Conclusions: This study revealed that use of NIV results in a reduction in PAH without adverse effects on quality of life and pulmonary function.
{"title":"Effect of long-term non-invasive ventilation on quality of life and cardiac function of children's neuromuscular disorders with chronic respiratory failure: a clinical trial","authors":"S. Sadr, Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaii, G. Khanbabaee, Ali Azimi, M. Khalilian, Elham Zarghami, Y. Nilipour, M. Sharif","doi":"10.24896/JRMDS.20186337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24896/JRMDS.20186337","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Use of long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is increasing greatly worldwide in children with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) of all ages. This treatment requires delivery of ventilation through a non-invasive interface. Cardiac function in majority of these children is impaired. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of institution of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on quality of life (QOL) and cardiac function in children with CRF related to neuromuscular disorders. Methods: Information obtained from all of the children under 16 years old with CRF due to neuromuscular disorders who were on NIV for at least six months and that were referred to Mofid children's hospital, Tehran, Iran between September 1, 2013, to September 1, 2017.Based on previous studies they were assessed from the year prior to starting NIV and annually thereafter. Data obtained included diagnosis, pulmonary function test, echocardiographic data, length of hospitalizations, and health care costs. Patients and parents completed questionnaires assessing QOL with NIV and recalling QOL one year before commencing NIV. All results were recorded in information forms and data were analyzed with chi square and entered in SPSS 21. Results: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (median 18). Before and after NIV hospitalization rates (P<0.001), PICU admission (P<0.001) and health care costs decreased respectively. QOL remained stable after NIV despite disease progression (P<0.001). Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P=0.009) is diminished. Symptoms of daytime sleepiness (P<0.001) and headache (P<0.001) improved after initiation of NIV. Conclusions: This study revealed that use of NIV results in a reduction in PAH without adverse effects on quality of life and pulmonary function.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niloofar Mojtahedifard, Pegah Larki, J. Panahi, Maryam Hosseini Moghadam, S. Zarekarizi
Introduction: lung cancer is a disease that is characterized by an uncontrolled growth of the cell in the lung tissue. This cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factor are the main regulators of maintaining vitality state and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genes expression of SOX2 in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: in this research, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factors were investigated in peripheral blood of 30 patients with NSCLC. For this purpose, after RNA extraction from patients' blood by TRIzol then cDNA synthesis, the expression of the genes was analyzed by Real Time PCR technique and using specific primers for the genes. Results: after reviewing the results by Graph Pad software and t-test, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG expression in patient samples was significantly higher than normal samples. Discussion: the expression of the genes studied in this research in the patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than normal. Regarding the gene expression profile, it seems that the gene is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
肺癌是一种以肺组织中细胞不受控制的生长为特征的疾病。这种癌症是全世界最常见的癌症死亡原因。SOX2、OCT4和NANOG转录因子是维持胚胎干细胞活力状态和自我更新的主要调控因子。本研究的目的是评估SOX2基因在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者外周血中的表达。材料与方法:本研究对30例非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中SOX2、OCT4和NANOG转录因子的表达进行了研究。为此，先用TRIzol提取患者血液中的RNA，然后合成cDNA，利用Real Time PCR技术和特异性引物分析基因的表达情况。结果:经Graph Pad软件和t检验复核结果，患者样本中SOX2、OCT4和NANOG的表达明显高于正常样本。讨论:本研究研究的基因在肺癌患者中的表达明显高于正常人。在基因表达谱方面，该基因似乎是肺癌诊断的潜在生物标志物。
{"title":"Study of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG Genes Expression in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)","authors":"Niloofar Mojtahedifard, Pegah Larki, J. Panahi, Maryam Hosseini Moghadam, S. Zarekarizi","doi":"10.24896/JRMDS.20186148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24896/JRMDS.20186148","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: lung cancer is a disease that is characterized by an uncontrolled growth of the cell in the lung tissue. This cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factor are the main regulators of maintaining vitality state and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genes expression of SOX2 in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: in this research, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG transcription factors were investigated in peripheral blood of 30 patients with NSCLC. For this purpose, after RNA extraction from patients' blood by TRIzol then cDNA synthesis, the expression of the genes was analyzed by Real Time PCR technique and using specific primers for the genes. Results: after reviewing the results by Graph Pad software and t-test, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG expression in patient samples was significantly higher than normal samples. Discussion: the expression of the genes studied in this research in the patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than normal. Regarding the gene expression profile, it seems that the gene is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41997704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Shahboulaghi, Z. Karbalaee, A. Zarghi, A. G. Moghaddam, M. Mohammadi
Lifestyle of the elderly affects their psychological and physical health significantly and causes some changes in communication patterns or their social activities. Therefore, we decided to investigate its predictive factors. This study is a descriptive-analytical paper and the studied population was all the elderly living in Tehran and lacking any cognitive disorders. There were 400 old people aged 60 years or over than, which had been randomly selected from five areas of Tehran (north, south, center, east and west). Data collection tool was a questionnaire including two parts namely demographic and life style of the elderly (exercise, nutrition, interpersonal relationships, prevention, and stress management) which were filled out by interview. The results of the current research represent that 95% of the old people who live in Tehran have a medium life style, 1% of them have a favorable situation and 4% of them are in an unpleasant condition. Moreover, it is found that there is a statistically significant relationship between lifestyle and job, education, coexistence type, suffering from chronic disease (P=0.000) and place of residence (P=0.006). The results of multi-factorial linear regression analysis showed that as people get older, their lifestyle score will decrease meaningfully (P=0.000). With regard to the relationship detected between lifestyle and some factors such as education, coexistence type, suffering from chronic disease and job among the old people, it is recommended that the health-care administers pay more attention in their educational programs toward the key role of related and predictive factors in promoting lifestyle and, subsequently, improve the health of the elderly using continuous and scheduled educations concerned with healthy lifestyle.
{"title":"Lifestyle of The Elderly and Its Predictive Factors","authors":"F. Shahboulaghi, Z. Karbalaee, A. Zarghi, A. G. Moghaddam, M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.24896/jrmds.20186136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24896/jrmds.20186136","url":null,"abstract":"Lifestyle of the elderly affects their psychological and physical health significantly and causes some changes in communication patterns or their social activities. Therefore, we decided to investigate its predictive factors. This study is a descriptive-analytical paper and the studied population was all the elderly living in Tehran and lacking any cognitive disorders. There were 400 old people aged 60 years or over than, which had been randomly selected from five areas of Tehran (north, south, center, east and west). Data collection tool was a questionnaire including two parts namely demographic and life style of the elderly (exercise, nutrition, interpersonal relationships, prevention, and stress management) which were filled out by interview. The results of the current research represent that 95% of the old people who live in Tehran have a medium life style, 1% of them have a favorable situation and 4% of them are in an unpleasant condition. Moreover, it is found that there is a statistically significant relationship between lifestyle and job, education, coexistence type, suffering from chronic disease (P=0.000) and place of residence (P=0.006). The results of multi-factorial linear regression analysis showed that as people get older, their lifestyle score will decrease meaningfully (P=0.000). With regard to the relationship detected between lifestyle and some factors such as education, coexistence type, suffering from chronic disease and job among the old people, it is recommended that the health-care administers pay more attention in their educational programs toward the key role of related and predictive factors in promoting lifestyle and, subsequently, improve the health of the elderly using continuous and scheduled educations concerned with healthy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49291278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rahimi, M. Milan, Y. Hosseini, Mojtaba Zeini Jahromi, L. Mosalanejad, Fateme Zahabi Ardakani
Background and purpose: The role of professors as a model can have a beneficial impact on the mental, psychological and educational conditions of medical students. This also plays an important role in improving professionalism and academic achievements among medical students. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the standpoint of students on factors influencing the selection of professors as a role model.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the students of different disciplines studying in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. A randomized sampling method was conducted on 217 students. Their viewpoints were collected using a 30-question researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, each containing ten items. In addition, this questionnaire was distributed among 20 people (as a pilot survey), the alpha coefficient of which was equal to 0.88; and its measurement was based on Likert scale "from very low to very high". Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and descriptive statistics. Results: Most respondents were nursing students and the highest influence of professors as a role model was associated with their role as a research leader (future specialized courses) in the clinical choices and selection of future specialized fields. The factors influencing the selection of professors as a role model included their respectful attitude toward students, and the high level of their knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the most important factors that caused professors not to be regarded as a role model included their inappropriate relationship with the students and refusing to listen to them.Discussion and Conclusion: Role model professors can have a beneficial impact on the future of students and scientific communities, as far as the science and education is concerned. Therefore, it is necessary for professors to pay particular attention to strengthening their role as a model at universities.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Choice of Professors as a Role Model from the Viewpoint of Medical Students","authors":"M. Rahimi, M. Milan, Y. Hosseini, Mojtaba Zeini Jahromi, L. Mosalanejad, Fateme Zahabi Ardakani","doi":"10.24896/JRMDS.20186150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24896/JRMDS.20186150","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: The role of professors as a model can have a beneficial impact on the mental, psychological and educational conditions of medical students. This also plays an important role in improving professionalism and academic achievements among medical students. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the standpoint of students on factors influencing the selection of professors as a role model.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the students of different disciplines studying in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. A randomized sampling method was conducted on 217 students. Their viewpoints were collected using a 30-question researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, each containing ten items. In addition, this questionnaire was distributed among 20 people (as a pilot survey), the alpha coefficient of which was equal to 0.88; and its measurement was based on Likert scale \"from very low to very high\". Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and descriptive statistics. Results: Most respondents were nursing students and the highest influence of professors as a role model was associated with their role as a research leader (future specialized courses) in the clinical choices and selection of future specialized fields. The factors influencing the selection of professors as a role model included their respectful attitude toward students, and the high level of their knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the most important factors that caused professors not to be regarded as a role model included their inappropriate relationship with the students and refusing to listen to them.Discussion and Conclusion: Role model professors can have a beneficial impact on the future of students and scientific communities, as far as the science and education is concerned. Therefore, it is necessary for professors to pay particular attention to strengthening their role as a model at universities.","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46975181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: There are several tools for pain controlling in children, but the priority of using tools in different conditions is still unknown to many researchers. Therefore, this study aimed to review the tools used to control pain in children. Materials and Methods: All of the studies done in the All of The world (from 2007-2017) using the words of pain control tools, pain control, pain instruments, pain in children and children's pain measuring instruments from the country's databases, including Magiran, MEDLIB, SID and Iranmedex as well as Latin databases such as Pubmed, scopus and scincedirect were reviewed and data were analyzed using meta-analysis. Results: Out of 200 articles reviewed in the field of pain control tools in children, 125 original articles were reviewed Who had Inclusion criteria entered the study. The most commonly used pain control tools were Distraction, EMLA Cream, Cooling spray, Skin massage, Local anesthetic, Buzzy, J-tip. Conclusion: The method of Distraction in many ways and the use of EMLA cream is most used in controlling children's pain, although the use of Cooling sprays, Skin massage and Local anesthetic are also acceptable methods for controlling child pain
{"title":"Meta-analysis of pain control tools in children","authors":"Khalili Arash, Houshangiyan Marjan, Karami Sefat Maedeh, Shadi Danyal, K. Fatemeh","doi":"10.24896/jrmds.20186152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24896/jrmds.20186152","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: There are several tools for pain controlling in children, but the priority of using tools in different conditions is still unknown to many researchers. Therefore, this study aimed to review the tools used to control pain in children. Materials and Methods: All of the studies done in the All of The world (from 2007-2017) using the words of pain control tools, pain control, pain instruments, pain in children and children's pain measuring instruments from the country's databases, including Magiran, MEDLIB, SID and Iranmedex as well as Latin databases such as Pubmed, scopus and scincedirect were reviewed and data were analyzed using meta-analysis. Results: Out of 200 articles reviewed in the field of pain control tools in children, 125 original articles were reviewed Who had Inclusion criteria entered the study. The most commonly used pain control tools were Distraction, EMLA Cream, Cooling spray, Skin massage, Local anesthetic, Buzzy, J-tip. Conclusion: The method of Distraction in many ways and the use of EMLA cream is most used in controlling children's pain, although the use of Cooling sprays, Skin massage and Local anesthetic are also acceptable methods for controlling child pain","PeriodicalId":17001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44633910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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