Stress-strain state of an elastic half-space with a cavity of arbitrary shape

Analytical method for studying stress concentration around arbitrary shape cavity is proposed.

The method is based on the assumption that it is possible to simulate the influence of cavity on the redistribution of internal forces by including fictitious forces in the solution. To determine the stress-strain state, additional forces acting on cavity surface are used. The magnitude of these forces is chosen on the basis of the value of stress tensor flow through the examined surfaces limiting cavity volume.

Research of stress-strain state for the most general three-dimensional case is done: an elastic half-space with a cubic shape cavity under action of a concentrated force applied to a free surface. The obtained results are comprehensively compared with the solution of a similar problem by the finite element method. Distributions of the stress tensor components in the vicinity of these cavities are constructed. The estimation of accuracy and efficiency of the proposed calculation model is made; the boundary of applicability of the proposed solution is determined.

It seems promising to use the resource of structural materials advantageously, namely, creating in the bodies of the cavity system the required shape and size, to obtain stress reduction at critical points, thereby increasing the strength of the product.