综述:养猪生产中的维生素A供应:目前的科学和实际考虑

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Applied Animal Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.15232/aas.2023-02409
Yauheni Shastak, Wolf Pelletier
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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的全面综述猪体内维生素a的代谢,以及补充视黄醇对猪生产的影响,包括免疫功能、繁殖性能、造血和抗氧化能力。此外,这篇综述强调了需要考虑的关键因素,以确保向猪提供足够的维生素A。资料审查的主要信息来源是独立的、发表的、经过同行评审的科学文献。合成维生素A,也称为视黄醇,在生长、细胞代谢、骨骼发育和繁殖中起着至关重要的作用。在最近的讨论中,商业动物生产中补充视黄醇的量一直是一个争论的话题。尽管维生素A的生理功能是一个关键因素,但纯商业产品的成本和稳定性,以及它们在预混料和饲料配方中的稳定性,也是重要的考虑因素。未能向猪提供足够水平的维生素A会导致性能下降、对疾病的易感性增加和生殖障碍。确定猪的最佳维生素A含量不是一项简单的任务,因为它取决于各种因素,如年龄、健康、营养状况和生理状态。科学委员会,如Gesellschaft für Ernährung生理学(GfE)和美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院(NASEM),根据健康动物在最佳环境条件下的需求提供需求估计(NASEM)或津贴(GfE),作为实际考虑的基础。然而,当外推到真实世界的条件时,在受控研究环境中得出的需求估计和津贴可能具有固有的局限性。因此,必须了解补充维生素A对猪代谢和健康的影响,以制定均衡的饮食,并在实际情况下获得最佳性能。结论和应用视黄醇在猪的营养中至关重要,由于植物饲料中缺乏维生素A,因此必须补充合成的乙酸视黄醇以满足日粮需求。日粮补充和注射视黄醇对猪的繁殖、生产性能、免疫和健康都有积极影响。为了确保猪的饮食均衡,深入了解增加视黄醇补充的适当阶段及其与其他脂溶性生物活性物质的相互作用至关重要。建议更新科学委员会关于维生素A的建议,以反映维生素A作用、遗传学和当前养猪实践的当前知识状态。
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Review: Vitamin A supply in swine production: Current science and practical considerations

Purpose

This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of vitamin A metabolism in pigs and the effects of retinol supplementation on pig production, including immune function, reproductive performance, hematopoiesis, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, this review highlights crucial factors that need to be considered to ensure adequate vitamin A supply to pigs.

Sources

The primary source of information reviewed was independent, published scientific peer-reviewed literature.

Synthesis

Vitamin A, also known as retinol, plays a crucial role in growth, cellular metabolism, bone development, and reproduction. The amount of retinol supplementation in commercial animal production has been a topic of contention in recent discussions. Although the physiological function of vitamin A is a key factor, the cost and stability of pure commercial products, along with their stability in premix and feed formulations, are also important considerations. Failure to provide adequate levels of vitamin A to swine can lead to decreased performance, increased susceptibility to diseases, and reproductive disorders. Determining the optimal amount of vitamin A for swine is not a simple task, as it depends on various factors such as age, health, nutritional status, and physiological state. Scientific committees such as the Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (GfE) and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) provide requirement estimates (NASEM) or allowances (GfE) based on the needs of healthy animals under optimal environmental conditions, serving as a foundation for practical considerations. However, when extrapolated to real-world conditions, requirement estimates and allowances derived on controlled research settings may have inherent limitations. Therefore, it becomes imperative to comprehend the effects of supplemental vitamin A on swine metabolism and health to formulate well-balanced diets and attain optimal performance in practical circumstances.

Conclusions and Applications

Retinol is crucial in pig nutrition, and synthetic retinyl acetate supplementation is necessary to meet dietary requirements, as plant feedstuffs are deficient in vitamin A. Dietary supplementation and injection of retinol have demonstrated positive effects on swine reproduction, performance, immunity, and health. To ensure a well-balanced pig diet, it is crucial to have insights into the appropriate stages for increased retinol supplementation and its interactions with other fat-soluble bioactive substances. Updates to scientific committees’ recommendations on vitamin A are recommended, to reflect the current state of knowledge on the role of vitamin A, genetics, and current pig farming practices.

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来源期刊
Applied Animal Science
Applied Animal Science AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
68
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