Applied Animal Science最新文献

Fabrication yields and allometric growth coefficients of carcass components of serially slaughtered implanted or non-implanted beef steers 连续屠宰植入或未植入基因的肉牛胴体成分的制造产量和异速生长系数

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02580

Kaitlyn R. Wesley , Sierra L. Pillmore , Tylo J. Kirkpatrick , Kimberly B. Cooper , Forest L. Francis , Travis C. Tennant , Wade T. Nichols , Lee-Anne J. Walter , John P. Hutcheson , Ty E. Lawrence

Objective

Our objective was to quantify differences in carcass fabrication yield and allometric coefficients of carcass components from implanted and non-implanted steers.

Materials and Methods

Steers (n = 80; initial BW 271 ± 45 kg) were paired and randomized to slaughter date (d 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, 378). Individuals were randomized to treatment of negative control (CON) or Revalor-XS on d 0 and 190 (REV). One side of each animal was fabricated after a 48-h chill into primals, denuded subprimals, lean trim, trimmed fat, and bone. Weights (g) of non-carcass and carcass components were log-transformed and consolidated to arithmetic means by treatment and slaughter date. Growth coefficients were calculated using the allometric equation.

Results and Discussion

Cattle administered REV had increased cold side weights (CSW) 7.7%, bone yield 4.9%, and red meat yield 8.5%, with no differences in fat yield. Forequarter primal weights (chuck, brisket, foreshank, rib) increased 8.4%, 6.9%, 7.2%, and 5.2%, respectively, for REV cattle. Hindquarter primals (loin, flank, round) increased by 7.0%, 8.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, for REV steers. Length of feeding period notably did not affect chuck or loin yields proportionate to CSW. Fat as percentage of CSW increased at 0.04% per day, whereas bone and red meat yield decreased at −0.013% and −0.024% per day, respectively. Allometric growth coefficients were greater for REV in 2 carcass components (chuck eye roll, eye of round), whereas CON was greater in 1 component (flank steak). All primals except the round (0.81) and foreshank (0.87) exhibited growth coefficients greater than the empty body.

Implication and Applications

These data indicate that REV steers are more likely to have heavier side weights, greater bone yield, and increased red meat yields than CON steers. Additionally, minimal differences were observed in allometric growth coefficients between CON and REV steers. Steers administered REV greatly improved carcass yield over CON during a 378-d finishing period.

我们的目标是量化植入和未植入药物的母牛胴体制造产量和胴体成分的异速系数的差异。在第 0 天和第 190 天（REV），动物随机接受阴性对照（CON）或 Revalor-XS 处理。每只动物的一侧在冷冻 48 小时后被制成主肉、去毛副主肉、瘦肉、去脂肉和骨头。非胴体和胴体成分的重量（克）按处理和屠宰日期进行对数变换并合并为算术平均数。结果与讨论饲喂 REV 的牛冷侧体重（CSW）增加了 7.7%，骨骼产量增加了 4.9%，红肉产量增加了 8.5%，脂肪产量没有差异。REV 牛的前四分之一主肉重量（卡盘、牛腩、前腿、肋骨）分别增加了 8.4%、6.9%、7.2% 和 5.2%。REV 牛的后季初生牛（腰肉、侧腹肉、圆肉）分别增加了 7.0%、8.6% 和 6.3%。饲养期的长短明显不影响夹头或腰肉产量与全长重量的比例。脂肪占CSW的百分比每天增加0.04%，而骨肉和红肉产量每天分别减少-0.013%和-0.024%。REV的异速生长系数在2个胴体成分（鸡眼卷、圆眼）中较大，而CON的异速生长系数在1个胴体成分（侧腹牛排）中较大。除圆肉（0.81）和前腿肉（0.87）外，所有主肉的生长系数均大于空心肉。这些数据表明，与 CON 型阉牛相比，REV 型阉牛更有可能获得较重的侧重、较高的骨产量和较高的红肉产量。此外，在异速生长系数方面，CON 和 REV 牛之间的差异极小。在 378 天的育成期中，施用 REV 的母牛比施用 CON 的母牛胴体产量大大提高。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of lubabegron dose and duration on calculated cumulative ammonia gas emissions and growth performance by feedlot steers during the last 28, 56, or 84 days of the feeding period 卢巴贝琼剂量和持续时间对饲养期最后28天、56天或84天计算出的累积氨气排放量和饲养场母牛生长性能的影响

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02518

Matt Edmonds , John C. Kube , Janet B. Allen , Michelle Calvo-Lorenzo , David McKenna , Dale Woerner , Mahesh Nair , Ashley Corona , John Scanga , Phil Rincker , K. Camara , M.S. Brown

Objective

Our objective was to characterize the effects of lubabegron (Experior 10; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) on ammonia gas emissions, growth and carcass merit, and animal mobility of feedlot steers.

Materials and Methods

Crossbred beef steers were used in a randomized complete block with a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of dietary lubabegron concentrations. (LUB; 0, 1.5, 3.5, or 5.5 mg/kg of DM) and duration of feeding (28, 56, or 84 d before slaughter). Blocks were slaughtered after an equal time on feed.

Results and Discussion

Calculated cumulative ammonia gas emissions per kilogram of hot carcass weight decreased after 28 d (linear) as LUB increased and responded quadratically after 56 and 84 d (LUB × duration). Steer DMI (LUB × duration) decreased linearly as LUB increased after 28 and 56 d. Final shrunk BW and ADG (LUB × duration) increased (linear) as duration increased and increased (quadratic) as LUB increased. The increase in G:F (LUB × duration) as LUB increased was linear within each duration, with an increasingly smaller magnitude as duration increased. Steer G:F increased linearly as duration increased when 0, 1.5, and 3.5 mg/kg of DM was fed. Steer DP (LUB × duration) increased quadratically as duration increased and linearly as LUB increased. Marbling score (LUB × duration) decreased quadratically as LUB increased when fed for 84 d and decreased linearly when 1.5 or 3.5 mg/kg of DM was fed. Average YG decreased (LUB × duration) linearly as LUB increased. Neither LUB nor duration altered the distribution of mobility scores at lairage before slaughter.

Implications and Applications

Feeding lubabegron resulted in lesser calculated ammonia emissions per kilogram of output, ≤0.3 kg/d lesser DMI, up to 19 kg more hot carcass weight, and leaner carcasses with a lesser marbling score after 56 d and did not alter health status or animal mobility after transport to slaughter.

我们的目的是描述 lubabegron（Experior 10；Elanco Animal Health，Greenfield，IN）对饲养场肉牛的氨气排放、生长和胴体品质以及动物活动能力的影响。(LUB；0、1.5、3.5 或 5.5 mg/kg DM）和饲喂时间（屠宰前 28、56 或 84 d）。结果与讨论每公斤热胴体重量的计算累计氨气排放量在 28 天后随着 LUB 的增加而减少（线性），在 56 天和 84 天后呈二次反应（LUB × 持续时间）。随着 LUB 的增加，最终收缩体重和 ADG（LUB × 持续时间）随着持续时间的增加而增加（线性），并随着 LUB 的增加而增加（二次方）。随着 LUB 的增加，G:F（LUB × 持续时间）的增加在每个持续时间内呈线性，随着持续时间的增加，G:F 的增加幅度越来越小。当饲喂 0、1.5 和 3.5 毫克/千克 DM 时，母牛 G:F 随持续时间的延长呈线性增长。随着持续时间的延长，母牛DP（LUB × 持续时间）呈二次方增长，随着 LUB 的增加呈线性增长。当饲喂 84 d 时，随着 LUB 的增加，大理石纹评分（LUB × 持续时间）呈二次曲线下降，当饲喂 1.5 或 3.5 mg/kg DM 时，大理石纹评分呈线性下降。随着 LUB 的增加，平均 YG（LUB × 持续时间）呈线性下降。意义和应用饲喂 Lubabegron 可减少每公斤产出的计算氨排放量，减少 DMI ≤0.3 kg/d，胴体热重增加多达 19 kg，56 d 后胴体更瘦，大理石纹评分更低，并且不会改变运输至屠宰后的健康状况或动物活动能力。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of lubabegron supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and mobility of Holstein steers 补充卢巴贝琼对荷斯坦阉牛活体表现、胴体特征和活动能力的影响

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02528

William C. Kayser , Randall C. Raymond , Phillip J. Rincker , Sara Linneen , Cory T. Herr

Objective

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of feeding Lubabegron (LB; Experior, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) for 0, 28, 56, or 84 d on live growth, car- cass, and mobility in Holstein steers.

Materials and Methods

Holstein steers (n = 438; 521 kg ± 35.5 kg) were used in a completely randomized study with 4 duration treatments: control, LB for 28 d, LB for 56 d, and LB for 84 d. Feed intake, BW, and car- cass data were all measured and analyzed on an individual basis.

Results and Discussion

In the pooled analysis, steers fed LB had greater total gain, ADG and G:F on a live and yield-adjusted basis relative to the controls. Lubabegron treated cattle had greater hot carcass weight, dressing per- cent and ribeye area, and decreased marbling score and average yield grade compared with the control treatment. There were no differences detected between LB or control steers in mobility at either shipment to abattoir or in lai- rage.

Implications and Application

Supplementation with LB favorably altered growth and carcass responses. Steers fed LB had no differences in mobility or other health maladies during the feeding period. These results indicate that feedyard producers can utilize LB without negatively affecting feeding performance or carcass quality.

本研究的目的是评估饲喂 Lubabegron（LB；Experior，Elanco，Greenfield，IN）0、28、56 或 84 天对荷斯坦阉牛活体生长、体重和活动能力的影响。结果与讨论在汇总分析中，与对照组相比，饲喂枸橼酸的牛在活重和产量调整后的总增重、ADG 和 G:F 都更高。与对照组相比，经 Lubabegron 处理的牛的胴体热重、拌料百分比和肋眼面积更大，而大理石花纹评分和平均产量等级则有所下降。在运往屠宰场或在屠宰过程中，枸杞多糖和对照组牛的活动能力均无差异。饲喂枸杞的牛在饲养期间的活动能力或其他健康问题方面没有差异。这些结果表明，饲养场生产商可以利用枸杞而不会对饲养性能或胴体质量产生负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of a single extended-release implant and a re-implant strategy on performance and carcass characteristics of beef finishing heifers 单次缓释植入和再次植入策略对肉牛育成母牛的性能和胴体特征的影响比较

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02533

J.L. Sperber , E.A. Schumacher , D.J. Jordon , R.J. Cooper , T.L. Scott , S. Bundy , D.B. Burken , G. Sides , R.M. Cleale , G.E. Erickson

Objective

A commercial feedlot experiment evalu- ated the effects of implanting heifers with an extended- release implant (Synovex One Feedlot) compared with a re-implant strategy (Synovex Choice followed by Synovex Plus) on finishing heifer performance, animal health, and carcass characteristics.

Materials and Methods

Using a randomized com- plete block design, crossbred heifers (n = 1,737; initial BW = 313 kg ± 15.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 24 pens across 2 treatments for an average of 181 d experi- ment. Treatments included a single extended-release im- plant administered on d 0 (Synovex One Feedlot; ONE) or a re-implant strategy of Synovex Choice (d 0) followed by Synovex Plus (CH/PLUS) on d 93 to 95.

Results and Discussion

There were no differences in live final BW or ADG between the 2 implant strate- gies; however, heifers implanted with CH/PLUS had 2.5% greater carcass-adjusted feed efficiency than ONE heif- ers. The CH/PLUS strategy produced heavier hot carcass weight (387 vs. 384 kg), larger LM area (87.9 vs. 85.3 cm²), and greater DP (62.30% vs. 61.96%) compared with ONE. Heifers implanted with ONE had greater marbling score, calculated YG, and 12th-rib fat (1.97 vs. 1.89 cm) compared with CH/PLUS heifers, resulting in a difference in QG and YG distribution between the 2 implant strate- gies. No differences were observed between treatments in morbidity, mortality, or pen removals.

Implications and Applications

These results indi- cate that heifers receiving a more aggressive re-implant strategy have heavier hot carcass weight, greater yield, and larger LM area, but reduced marbling compared with heifers that received an extended-release implant.

目的一项商业化饲养场实验评估了给母牛植入缓释植入物（Synovex One Feedlot）与再次植入策略（Synovex Choice 后再植入 Synovex Plus）对育成母牛的性能、动物健康和胴体特征的影响。材料与方法采用随机整群设计，将杂交小母牛（n = 1,737 头；初始体重 = 313 kg ± 15.3 kg）随机分配到 2 种处理的 24 个栏中，平均试验 181 天。处理包括在第 0 天施用单一缓释植入剂（Synovex One Feedlot；ONE），或在第 93 至 95 天再次植入 Synovex Choice（第 0 天）和 Synovex Plus（CH/PLUS）。与 ONE 相比，CH/PLUS 策略产生的热胴体重量更重（387 千克对 384 千克）、LM 面积更大（87.9 平方厘米对 85.3 平方厘米）、DP 更大（62.30% 对 61.96%）。与 CH/PLUS 母牛相比，植入 ONE 的母牛的大理石纹评分、计算 YG 和第 12 肋脂肪（1.97 vs. 1.89 厘米）更高，这导致两种植入策略之间的 QG 和 YG 分布存在差异。这些结果表明，与接受缓释植入的小母牛相比，接受更积极的再植入策略的小母牛胴体热重更重、产量更高、LM 面积更大，但大理石花纹减少。

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引用次数: 0

"October" Cover "十月 "封面

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00102-2

引用次数: 0

Effects of exogenous melatonin on the postweaning immune response and growth performance of crossbred beef calves 外源性褪黑激素对杂交肉牛断奶后免疫反应和生长性能的影响

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02555

Allie E. Martin, Vinicius S. Machado, Ryan J. Rathmann, Whitney L. Crossland

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin on the immune response and growth performance of beef calves during a vaccination series at weaning.

Materials and Methods

Crossbred beef calves (n = 48, initial BW = 176 ± 21.7 kg) were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: vaccinated with 0.5 mg of ovalbumin (d 0 and 21) or not, and a 24-mg injection of melatonin (d 0 and 21) or not. Treatments were placebo injections only (CON), vaccination only (VAC), melatonin only (MEL), and both melatonin and vaccination (MVAC). Calves were weaned on d 0 and fed for 63 d. Calf BW and blood samples were collected on d 0, 2, 4, 8, 21, 42, and 63.

Results and Discussion

On d 8, MEL-treated calves had a greater percentage of cells performing oxidative burst and a greater percentage of cells performing phagocytosis, and these were at a greater intensity. On d 21, MEL-treated calves also had greater burst intensity than other treatments. Melatonin alone may bolster the innate immune response. Anti-ovalbumin IgG response was different on d 63, where MVAC calves had greater circulating anti-ovalbumin IgG compared with VAC calves. Calves who received VAC treatment had greater DMI than calves who received MVAC, and MVAC-treated calves tended to have a greater G:F than VAC calves. The administration of melatonin at the time of vaccination resulted in greater feed conversion and greater IgG than VAC alone.

Implications and Applications

Melatonin may bolster the immune response of calves at weaning and improve feed conversion, incentivizing its adoption as a management protocol.

材料与方法杂交肉牛犊牛（n = 48，初始体重 = 176 ± 21.7 kg）被纳入完全随机设计的 2 × 2 处理因子安排：接种 0.5 mg 卵清蛋白（第 0 天和第 21 天）或不接种，以及注射 24 毫克褪黑激素（第 0 天和第 21 天）或不注射。治疗方法包括只注射安慰剂 (CON)、只注射疫苗 (VAC)、只注射褪黑激素 (MEL) 以及同时注射褪黑激素和疫苗 (MVAC)。在第 0、2、4、8、21、42 和 63 天采集犊牛体重和血液样本。结果与讨论在第 8 天，MEL 处理的犊牛有更大比例的细胞进行氧化爆发，有更大比例的细胞进行吞噬作用，而且这些作用的强度更大。第 21 天，MEL 处理的小牛的细胞猝灭强度也高于其他处理。单独使用褪黑素可能会增强先天性免疫反应。抗白蛋白 IgG 反应在第 63 天有所不同，与 VAC 小牛相比，MVAC 小牛的循环抗白蛋白 IgG 更大。接受 VAC 治疗的犊牛的 DMI 比接受 MVAC 治疗的犊牛大，MVAC 治疗的犊牛的 G:F 往往比 VAC 治疗的犊牛大。意义和应用褪黑素可增强犊牛断奶时的免疫反应，提高饲料转化率，从而鼓励将其作为一种管理方案。

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引用次数: 0

Economic potential of field peas as an alternative to corn distillers dried grains with solubles in beef heifer growing diets 在肉用小母牛生长日粮中用大田豌豆替代玉米蒸馏干粮（带溶解物）的经济潜力

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02548

Michael Undi , Jon T. Biermacher , Kevin Sedivec , Timothy Long

Objective

This study was conducted to (1) determine the economic potential of field peas relative to corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets of growing heifers and (2) identify price points for competitive utilization of field peas as an alternative to corn DDGS in diets of growing heifers.

Materials and Methods

In a 2-yr study, 162 heifers/ yr were kept in 6 dry lot pens and fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn DDGS-based or field pea-based TMR in the fall and winter. Animal performance (final BW, total gain, and ADG) data analysis considered the fixed effects of diet (DDGS or peas), season (fall and winter), and diet × season interaction. Base-case ration costs were calculated using prices of $325∙t⁻¹ and $366∙t⁻¹ for corn DDGS and field peas, respectively. To understand market situations where field peas are more cost effective than DDGS, and vice versa, sensitivity analysis was conducted to calculate relative total cost of feeding peas versus DDGS for several combinations of prices of DDGS and field peas.

Results and Discussion

Heifer performance was not affected by dietary treatment, which was expected because diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Therefore, the relative economics of diet (DDGS vs. field peas) is based on evaluation of costs. Base-case results indicated that field pea-based rations cost $6.89∙head⁻¹ more than DDGS-based rations. Sensitivity analysis suggests that field peas only have a lower cost relative to corn DDGS in situations where the price of peas are between 30% and 50% less than the base-case price of peas at the same time that the prices of corn DDGS are at base-case prices and below. The breakeven price of field peas was $231.15∙t⁻¹ ($7.64∙bushel⁻¹), or 71% of the base-case price of DDGS. Overall, the value of field peas was mainly driven by the amount of field peas incorporated into diets and the price of field peas relative to DDGS.

Implications and Applications

Results from this study offer useful economic information to the field pea processing industry about the range of prices that beef cattle producers can afford to pay for peas relative to DDGS. This information will help the industry to develop a reliable supply chain for field peas as a feed source for beef cattle.

本研究旨在：(1) 确定田间豌豆在生长母牛日粮中相对于玉米蒸馏干粒加溶质（DDGS）的经济潜力；(2) 确定在生长母牛日粮中田间豌豆作为玉米 DDGS 替代品的竞争性利用价位。动物表现（最终体重、总增重和 ADG）数据分析考虑了日粮（DDGS 或豌豆）、季节（秋季和冬季）以及日粮 × 季节交互作用的固定效应。基础日粮成本分别按玉米 DDGS 325 lt-1 美元和大田豌豆 366 lt-1 美元的价格计算。为了解在哪些市场情况下大田豌豆比 DDGS 更具成本效益，反之亦然，我们进行了敏感性分析，以计算在 DDGS 和大田豌豆的几种价格组合下饲喂豌豆和 DDGS 的相对总成本。因此，日粮（DDGS 与大田豌豆）的相对经济性基于成本评估。基本情况结果表明，以大田豌豆为基础的日粮比以 DDGS 为基础的日粮每头多花费 6.89 美元。敏感性分析表明，只有当豌豆的价格比基准豌豆价格低 30% 到 50%，同时玉米 DDGS 的价格在基准价格及以下时，大田豌豆的成本才会低于玉米 DDGS。大田豌豆的盈亏平衡价格为 231.15 美元/吨-1（7.64 美元/蒲式耳-1），即 DDGS 基准价格的 71%。总体而言，田间豌豆的价值主要受日粮中田间豌豆的添加量和田间豌豆相对于 DDGS 的价格的影响。本研究的结果为田间豌豆加工业提供了有用的经济信息，使其了解肉牛生产者相对于 DDGS 可以承受的豌豆价格范围。这些信息将有助于该行业开发可靠的田间豌豆供应链，将其作为肉牛的饲料来源。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of vitamin A supplementation on liver retinol concentrations of beef cows and their calves managed in confinement 补充维生素 A 对圈养肉牛及其犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度的影响

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02564

H.F. Speer , K.H. Wilke , M.E. Drewnoski

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate how the amount of vitamin A supplementation provided from mid- gestation through early lactation affected liver retinol con- centrations of a cow and, subsequently, of her calf in a confinement system.

Materials and Methods

Multiparous Angus cross beef cows (n = 54; BCS = 6.0) in mid-gestation (5 mo) with an initial BW of 578 kg (SD = ±74) were stratified by BCS and time spent in the confinement system and were assigned to pen (n = 9). Pens were assigned (n = 3) to each of the following treatments: current NASEM (2016) recommendation (31,000 IU/d; 1X) or 3 times (93,000 IU/d; 3X) or 5 times (155,000 IU/d; 5X) the cur- rent NASEM recommendation for supplemental vitamin A. Cows were limit fed a diet consisting of wheat straw, corn silage, and wet distillers grains. Liver biopsies were collected from cows 24 d before treatment initiation and at d 40 and 81 of supplementation, and both cows and calves were sampled 32 d after calving (d 165 of supplementa- tion, SD = ±22).

Results and Discussion

No differences in initial cow liver retinol concentrations (mean 186 μg/g of DM) were observed between treatments. A significant treatment × day interaction was observed for cow liver retinol. Liver retinol concentrations of 1X remained below adequate ref- erence ranges (300–700 μg/g of DM) throughout the study (≤189 μg/g of DM), whereas 3X and 5X were elevated into the adequate range by d 81 (334 and 412 μg/g of DM, respectively). Calf liver retinol concentration also differed among treatments, as calves of cows in 1X had lesser liver concentrations than 3X and 5X calves, which did not dif- fer. Liver retinol concentrations considered adequate for calves at 32 d of age (100–350 μg/g of DM) were not observed in 1X calves (51 μg/g of DM) but were observed in calves from 3X and 5X cows (119 and 165 μg/g of DM, respectively).

Implications

Providing the amount of supplemental vitamin A recommended by NASEM to cows in a long- term drylot did not result in cow or calf liver retinol con- centrations within the adequate reference ranges. Supple- menting cows with 93,000 IU/d of vitamin A for 165 d brought liver retinol concentrations of cows and their calves up within adequate reference ranges. Cows being fed diets consisting mainly of brown forages and concen- trates long term may need more supplemental vitamin A than currently recommended to ensure calves receive enough vitamin A from colostrum.

目的我们的目的是评估在圈养系统中，从妊娠中期到泌乳早期补充维生素 A 的量对奶牛肝脏视黄醇浓度以及随后对犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度的影响。材料与方法多胎安格斯杂交肉牛（n = 54；BCS = 6.0）处于妊娠中期（5 个月），初始体重为 578 千克（SD = ±74），按 BCS 和在圈养系统中的时间分层，并分配到栏（n = 9）。每栏分配（n = 3）以下处理：当前 NASEM（2016 年）建议（31,000 IU/d；1 倍）或当前 NASEM 建议补充维生素 A 的 3 倍（93,000 IU/d；3 倍）或 5 倍（155,000 IU/d；5 倍）。在治疗开始前 24 天以及补充维生素 A 的第 40 天和第 81 天采集奶牛肝脏活检样本，在产犊后 32 天（补充维生素 A 的第 165 天，SD = ±22）采集奶牛和犊牛样本。在奶牛肝脏视黄醇中观察到处理×日的明显交互作用。在整个研究期间（≤189 μg/g DM），1X 的肝脏视黄醇浓度一直低于足够的参考范围（300-700 μg/g DM），而 3X 和 5X 在第 81 天时已升高到足够的范围（分别为 334 和 412 μg/g DM）。不同处理的犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度也有差异，1X母牛的犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度低于3X和5X母牛的犊牛，但两者没有差异。1X犊牛的肝脏视黄醇浓度（51 μg/g DM）不符合32日龄犊牛的标准（100-350 μg/g DM），但3X和5X奶牛的犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度（分别为119和165 μg/g DM）符合标准。连续165天为奶牛补充93,000 IU/天的维生素A，可使奶牛及其犊牛肝脏视黄醇浓度达到适当的参考范围。长期饲喂主要由棕色饲料和浓缩物组成的日粮的奶牛可能需要补充比目前建议更多的维生素 A，以确保犊牛从初乳中获得足够的维生素 A。

{"title":"Effects of vitamin A supplementation on liver retinol concentrations of beef cows and their calves managed in confinement","authors":"H.F. Speer , K.H. Wilke , M.E. Drewnoski","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02564","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate how the amount of vitamin A supplementation provided from mid- gestation through early lactation affected liver retinol con- centrations of a cow and, subsequently, of her calf in a confinement system.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Multiparous Angus cross beef cows (n = 54; BCS = 6.0) in mid-gestation (5 mo) with an initial BW of 578 kg (SD = ±74) were stratified by BCS and time spent in the confinement system and were assigned to pen (n = 9). Pens were assigned (n = 3) to each of the following treatments: current NASEM (2016) recommendation (31,000 IU/d; 1X) or 3 times (93,000 IU/d; 3X) or 5 times (155,000 IU/d; 5X) the cur- rent NASEM recommendation for supplemental vitamin A. Cows were limit fed a diet consisting of wheat straw, corn silage, and wet distillers grains. Liver biopsies were collected from cows 24 d before treatment initiation and at d 40 and 81 of supplementation, and both cows and calves were sampled 32 d after calving (d 165 of supplementa- tion, SD = ±22).</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>No differences in initial cow liver retinol concentrations (mean 186 μg/g of DM) were observed between treatments. A significant treatment × day interaction was observed for cow liver retinol. Liver retinol concentrations of 1X remained below adequate ref- erence ranges (300–700 μg/g of DM) throughout the study (≤189 μg/g of DM), whereas 3X and 5X were elevated into the adequate range by d 81 (334 and 412 μg/g of DM, respectively). Calf liver retinol concentration also differed among treatments, as calves of cows in 1X had lesser liver concentrations than 3X and 5X calves, which did not dif- fer. Liver retinol concentrations considered adequate for calves at 32 d of age (100–350 μg/g of DM) were not observed in 1X calves (51 μg/g of DM) but were observed in calves from 3X and 5X cows (119 and 165 μg/g of DM, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>Providing the amount of supplemental vitamin A recommended by NASEM to cows in a long- term drylot did not result in cow or calf liver retinol con- centrations within the adequate reference ranges. Supple- menting cows with 93,000 IU/d of vitamin A for 165 d brought liver retinol concentrations of cows and their calves up within adequate reference ranges. Cows being fed diets consisting mainly of brown forages and concen- trates long term may need more supplemental vitamin A than currently recommended to ensure calves receive enough vitamin A from colostrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 619-626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000946/pdf?md5=5c85a60c406a629ed14b476df91f78d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased dietary rumen degradable protein from soybean meal improved growth performance but increased liver abscess severity in finishing beef steers 增加日粮中来自豆粕的瘤胃可降解蛋白质可改善育成肉牛的生长性能，但会增加肝脓肿的严重程度

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02584

Cassidy R. Ross, Zachary K. Smith, Forest L. Francis, Ana Clara B. Menezes, Warren C. Rusche

Objective

Our objective was to determine whether partial or complete replacement of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) with solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets based on high-moisture corn affected growth performance, sera urea nitrogen (SUN) concentrations, and carcass traits in finishing steers.

Materials and Methods

Beef steers (n = 189; initial shrunk BW = 381 ± 37.1 kg) were used in a 139-d experiment. Treatments were DDGS fed at 20% DM (DDGS), SBM replacing 50% of DDGS (SBM50), and SBM replacing 100% of DDGS (SBM100). Steers were allotted to 1 of 24 pens (8 pens per treatment). Sera was harvested on d 77, 105, and 139 for determination of SUN. Linear and quadratic effects were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials with SUN analyzed as repeated measures.

Results and Discussion

Feeding SBM increased final BW (linear). Treatment affected ADG (quadratic) and G:F. Treatment tended to affect carcass-adjusted G:F (quadratic), and SBM increased dietary NE (linear). The SBM100 had greater rib-eye area (linear) but decreased DP (linear). Additional SBM altered liver scores with SBM100 having more severe abscesses. Day and treatment affected SUN, increasing over time, and steers fed SBM100 had greater SUN concentrations than those fed DDGS.

Implications and Applications

Replacement of DDGS with SBM increased retained protein and rib-eye area, tended to decrease DP, and tended to quadratically improve G:F, with increased liver abscess severity.

目的我们的目的是确定在以高水分玉米为基础的日粮中，用溶剂萃取豆粕（SBM）部分或完全替代干蒸馏谷物加溶质（DDGS）是否会影响育成牛的生长性能、血清尿素氮（SUN）浓度和胴体性状。实验处理为饲喂 20% DM 的 DDGS（DDGS）、替代 50% DDGS 的 SBM（SBM50）和替代 100% DDGS 的 SBM（SBM100）。母牛被分配到 24 个栏中的一个（每个处理 8 个栏）。在第 77、105 和 139 天采集血清以测定 SUN。使用正交多项式对线性和二次效应进行评估，并将 SUN 作为重复测量指标进行分析。处理影响 ADG（二次）和 G:F。处理往往影响胴体调整后的 G:F（二次方），SBM 增加了日粮 NE（线性）。SBM100的肋眼面积更大（线性），但DP减少（线性）。额外的 SBM 会改变肝脏评分，SBM100 的脓肿更严重。用 SBM 替代 DDGS 增加了保留蛋白和肋眼面积，降低了 DP，G:F 呈二次方提高，但肝脓肿的严重程度增加。

{"title":"Increased dietary rumen degradable protein from soybean meal improved growth performance but increased liver abscess severity in finishing beef steers","authors":"Cassidy R. Ross, Zachary K. Smith, Forest L. Francis, Ana Clara B. Menezes, Warren C. Rusche","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02584","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to determine whether partial or complete replacement of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) with solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets based on high-moisture corn affected growth performance, sera urea nitrogen (SUN) concentrations, and carcass traits in finishing steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Beef steers (n = 189; initial shrunk BW = 381 ± 37.1 kg) were used in a 139-d experiment. Treatments were DDGS fed at 20% DM (DDGS), SBM replacing 50% of DDGS (SBM50), and SBM replacing 100% of DDGS (SBM100). Steers were allotted to 1 of 24 pens (8 pens per treatment). Sera was harvested on d 77, 105, and 139 for determination of SUN. Linear and quadratic effects were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials with SUN analyzed as repeated measures.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Feeding SBM increased final BW (linear). Treatment affected ADG (quadratic) and G:F. Treatment tended to affect carcass-adjusted G:F (quadratic), and SBM increased dietary NE (linear). The SBM100 had greater rib-eye area (linear) but decreased DP (linear). Additional SBM altered liver scores with SBM100 having more severe abscesses. Day and treatment affected SUN, increasing over time, and steers fed SBM100 had greater SUN concentrations than those fed DDGS.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Replacement of DDGS with SBM increased retained protein and rib-eye area, tended to decrease DP, and tended to quadratically improve G:F, with increased liver abscess severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 627-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000958/pdf?md5=3c35f941fc96ae1be6c76d5736f4c213&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A survey of existing and future Tennessee value-added cattle dairy enterprises 田纳西州现有和未来增值牛乳企业调查

IF 1.4 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2024-02570

C.S. Zaring , K.L. Jensen , D.W. Hughes , M.T. Morgan , R.W. Holland , W.H. Pepper , M.B. Leffew , J.L.Z. Ivey , E.A. Eckelkamp

Objective

The objective was to provide a comprehen- sive overview and assessment of Tennessee’s value-added dairy (VAD) industry.

Materials and Methods

Dairy producers and pro- cessors completed a 50-question in-person survey that included the following: (1) respondent information, (2) farm information, (3) processing information, (4) process- ing equipment, and (5) business economics. Data were reported for 15 cow dairy producer-processors separated into existing VAD (EP) and potential future VAD (FP) (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively). Descriptive statistics were run, and independent-sample t-tests were used to identify group differences within questions.

Results and Discussion

Existing and FP were 39 ± 12 and 38 ± 13 yr old, respectively. Seven EP processed their milk. All FP planned to process their milk, but some EP and FP did or planned to supplement their raw milk needs by purchasing Tennessee milk (n = 5). Off-farm income was a minor household income source (9 ± 15%) for EP, whereas FP relied heavily on off-farm income (62 ± 39%). In Tennessee, 6.2% of all cattle dairies were also VAD, primarily located in East Tennessee. Ice cream and creamline milk were produced most often; fluid milk had the highest annual production volume (270,287 L) per EP. Creamline milk and aged cheese were the most considered by VAD. Existing and FP were in good financial standing with a low debt-to-asset ratio (<40%).

Implications and Applications

Study outcomes will be used to assist dairy farmers in Tennessee and surrounding states who are considering entering or expanding VAD through marketing, production, or economic suggestions.

材料与方法乳制品生产者和加工者完成了一项包含 50 个问题的面对面调查，调查内容包括以下几个方面：(1) 受访者信息；(2) 牧场信息；(3) 加工信息；(4) 加工设备；(5) 商业经济：调查内容包括：(1) 受访者信息；(2) 牧场信息；(3) 加工信息；(4) 加工设备；(5) 商业经济。报告了 15 家奶牛生产商-加工商的数据，分为现有 VAD（EP）和未来潜在 VAD（FP）（分别为 n = 8 和 n = 7）。对数据进行了描述性统计，并使用独立样本 t 检验来确定问题内的组间差异。7 名 EP 加工了自己的牛奶。所有 FP 都计划加工牛奶，但有些 EP 和 FP 已经或计划通过购买田纳西牛奶来补充生奶需求（n = 5）。农场外收入是 EP 的次要家庭收入来源（9 ± 15%），而 FP 则严重依赖农场外收入（62 ± 39%）。在田纳西州，6.2% 的奶牛场也是 VAD，主要位于田纳西州东部。冰淇淋和奶油牛奶的产量最高；液态奶的年产量最高（270 287 升）。VAD考虑最多的是奶油牛奶和陈年奶酪。田纳西州及周边各州的奶农正在考虑通过营销、生产或经济建议进入或扩大 VAD。

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引用次数: 0