特提斯喜马拉雅锑多金属成矿带矿床成因:同位素地球化学约束

Yang Li , Chenghui Wang , Yubin Li , Hang Liu , Xudong Zhang , Zong Yang , Mima Puchi , Gesang Lamu
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摘要

特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿带是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞造山作用的重要产物。该地区经历了三个复杂的构造-岩浆成矿阶段:59–49 Ma Au成矿阶段、43–36 Ma Pb–Zn成矿阶段和碰撞后(25–0 Ma)Pb–Zn–Sb–Au成矿期。其中,碰撞后阶段代表了特提斯-喜马拉雅地区Pb–Zn–Sb–Au矿化最强烈的时期。在此期间,形成了约170个大小不同、类型复杂的Pb、Zn、Sb、Au和Ag矿床(矿点)。通过对成矿带内锑多金属矿床同位素地球化学数据的广泛分析,对成矿带各种矿床类型的成矿流体和成矿过程进行了综合评价。成矿带中多种金属元素富集和多种金属矿床类型不是由单一的流体源形成的。相反,成矿流体表现出多来源流体混合的特征。这些流体的成分主要包括地层水、岩浆水、大气降水、地热水和变质流体。然而,不同矿床类型之间存在相似之处。成矿物质主要来自地壳,尽管已经观察到地幔在不同程度上的贡献。岩石中的深层岩浆流体或变质岩在成矿过程中起着至关重要的作用。同时,通过建立构造-岩浆事件与Pb–Zn–Sb–Au成矿之间的内在关系,对成矿流体特征和成矿过程进行了详细的研究。
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Ore genesis of the Tethyan Himalayan antimony polymetallic metallogenic belt: Constraints from isotope geochemistry

The Tethyan Himalayan metallogenic belt is a significant product resulting from the collisional orogeny between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The region experienced three intricate tectonic-magmatic-mineralization stages: the 59–49 Ma Au mineralization stage, the 43–36 Ma Pb–Zn mineralization stage, and the post-collisional (25–0 Ma) Pb–Zn–Sb–Au mineralization stage. Among these, the post-collisional stage represents the most intense period of Pb–Zn–Sb–Au mineralization in the Tethyan Himalayan region. During this period, about 170 Pb, Zn, Sb, Au and Ag deposits (mineral occurrences) with different sizes and complex types were formed. An extensive analysis of isotope geochemical data from antimony polymetallic deposits within the metallogenic belt led to a comprehensive evaluation of the ore-forming fluids and mineralization processes for various deposit types in the belt. The diverse metal element enrichments and various metal deposit types in the metallogenic belt were not formed from a single fluid source. Instead, the ore-forming fluids showed characteristics of fluid mixing from multiple sources. The composition of these fluids primarily comprises formation water, magmatic water, atmospheric precipitation, geothermal water, and metamorphic fluid. However, there were similarities between the different deposit types. Ore-forming materials predominantly come from the crust, although contributions from the mantle to varying degrees have been observed. Deep magmatic fluids or metamorphic fluids within rocks play a crucial role in the ore-forming process. Simultaneously, by establishing the internal relationship between tectonic–magmatic events and Pb–Zn–Sb–Au mineralization, detailed studies on the characteristics of the ore-forming fluid and the ore-forming process were conducted.

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