Modulating single-molecule charge transport through external stimulus

Understanding and tuning charge transport over a single molecule is a fundamental topic in molecular electronics. Single-molecule junctions composed of individual molecules attached to two electrodes are the most common components built for single-molecule charge transport studies. During the past two decades, rapid technical and theoretical advances in single-molecule junctions have increased our understanding of the conductance properties and functions of molecular devices. In this perspective article, we introduce the basic principles of charge transport in single-molecule junctions, then give an overview of recent progress in modulating single-molecule transport through external stimuli such as electric field and potential, light, mechanical force, heat, and chemical environment. Lastly, we discuss challenges and offer views on future developments in molecular electronics.