Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100252
Rechargeable alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) batteries have shown great success in room-temperature energy storage. However, their low-temperature (subzero temperature) applications are still severely restricted, and the poor electrochemical performance of the anode materials at low temperature serves as a critical obstacle. Therefore, it is urgent to obtain a comprehensive understanding towards the key effects of low temperatures on the performance of the anodes and overview the related improving strategies. In this work, the effects that temperature would impose on electrode performance are firstly discussed. Next, the progress in low-temperature anodes of alkali metal ion batteries is reviewed, by the classification of the reaction types of the anode materials, including intercalation-type anodes, conversion-type anodes, alloy anodes and alkali metal anodes, and corresponding strategies to improve the performance of the anodes are summarized as well. At last, some promising research directions in this field are proposed. This work is intended to shed some light on future exploitation of high-performance low-temperature anode materials.
{"title":"Anodes for low-temperature rechargeable batteries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable alkali metal ion (Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>) batteries have shown great success in room-temperature energy storage. However, their low-temperature (subzero temperature) applications are still severely restricted, and the poor electrochemical performance of the anode materials at low temperature serves as a critical obstacle. Therefore, it is urgent to obtain a comprehensive understanding towards the key effects of low temperatures on the performance of the anodes and overview the related improving strategies. In this work, the effects that temperature would impose on electrode performance are firstly discussed. Next, the progress in low-temperature anodes of alkali metal ion batteries is reviewed, by the classification of the reaction types of the anode materials, including intercalation-type anodes, conversion-type anodes, alloy anodes and alkali metal anodes, and corresponding strategies to improve the performance of the anodes are summarized as well. At last, some promising research directions in this field are proposed. This work is intended to shed some light on future exploitation of high-performance low-temperature anode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100280
Battery lifetime prediction at early cycles is crucial for researchers and manufacturers to examine product quality and promote technology development. Machine learning has been widely utilized to construct data-driven solutions for high-accuracy predictions. However, the internal mechanisms of batteries are sensitive to many factors, such as charging/discharging protocols, manufacturing/storage conditions, and usage patterns. These factors will induce state transitions, thereby decreasing the prediction accuracy of data-driven approaches. Transfer learning is a promising technique that overcomes this difficulty and achieves accurate predictions by jointly utilizing information from various sources. Hence, we develop two transfer learning methods, Bayesian Model Fusion and Weighted Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, to strategically combine prior knowledge with limited information from the target dataset to achieve superior prediction performance. From our results, our transfer learning methods reduce root-mean-squared error by 41% through adapting to the target domain. Furthermore, the transfer learning strategies identify the variations of impactful features across different sets of batteries and therefore disentangle the battery degradation mechanisms and the root cause of state transitions from the perspective of data mining. These findings suggest that the transfer learning strategies proposed in our work are capable of acquiring knowledge across multiple data sources for solving specialized issues.
{"title":"Investigating explainable transfer learning for battery lifetime prediction under state transitions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery lifetime prediction at early cycles is crucial for researchers and manufacturers to examine product quality and promote technology development. Machine learning has been widely utilized to construct data-driven solutions for high-accuracy predictions. However, the internal mechanisms of batteries are sensitive to many factors, such as charging/discharging protocols, manufacturing/storage conditions, and usage patterns. These factors will induce state transitions, thereby decreasing the prediction accuracy of data-driven approaches. Transfer learning is a promising technique that overcomes this difficulty and achieves accurate predictions by jointly utilizing information from various sources. Hence, we develop two transfer learning methods, Bayesian Model Fusion and Weighted Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, to strategically combine prior knowledge with limited information from the target dataset to achieve superior prediction performance. From our results, our transfer learning methods reduce root-mean-squared error by 41% through adapting to the target domain. Furthermore, the transfer learning strategies identify the variations of impactful features across different sets of batteries and therefore disentangle the battery degradation mechanisms and the root cause of state transitions from the perspective of data mining. These findings suggest that the transfer learning strategies proposed in our work are capable of acquiring knowledge across multiple data sources for solving specialized issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100255
Herein, an electrochemically driven catalyst-free nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of electron-rich fluoroarenes with carboxylic acids as weak nucleophiles under mild conditions was reported. A series of highly valuable ester derivatives were obtained in a direct and rapid way. This transformation features commercially available reagents and an exceptionally broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, using cheap and abundant electrodes and completed within a short reaction time. Gram-scale synthesis and complex biorelevant compounds ligation further highlighted the potential utility of the methodology. The mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified the feasibility of the proposed pathway of this transformation.
{"title":"Catalyst-free electrochemical SNAr of electron-rich fluoroarenes using carboxylic acids","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, an electrochemically driven catalyst-free nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S<sub>N</sub>Ar) of electron-rich fluoroarenes with carboxylic acids as weak nucleophiles under mild conditions was reported. A series of highly valuable ester derivatives were obtained in a direct and rapid way. This transformation features commercially available reagents and an exceptionally broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, using cheap and abundant electrodes and completed within a short reaction time. Gram-scale synthesis and complex biorelevant compounds ligation further highlighted the potential utility of the methodology. The mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified the feasibility of the proposed pathway of this transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100293
Bing He , Ying Ling , Zhixun Wang , Wenbin Gong , Zhe Wang , Yanting Liu , Tianzhu Zhou , Ting Xiong , Shuai Wang , Yonggang Wang , Qingwen Li , Qichong Zhang , Lei Wei
Aqueous Mg-ion batteries (AMIBs) featuring advantages of good safety, low cost, and high specific energy have been recognized as a promising energy-storage technology. However, the performance of AMIBs is consistently limited by sluggish diffusion kinetics and structural degradation of cathode materials arising from the strong electrostatic interactions between high-charge-density Mg2+ and host materials. Here, layered-structured NiOOH, as traditional cathodes for alkaline batteries, is initially demonstrated to realize proton-assisted Mg-(de)intercalation chemistry with a high discharge platform (0.57 V) in neutral aqueous electrolytes. Benefiting from the unique core/shell structure, the resulting NiOOH/CNT cathodes achieve a high capacity of 122.5 mAh g−1 and long cycle stability. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the binding energy of hydrated Mg2+ is higher than that of Mg2+ with NiOOH, resulting in that Mg2+ is easily intercalated/de-intercalated into/from NiOOH. Benefiting from the freestanding design, the assembled fiber-shaped “rocking-chair” NaTi2(PO4)3//NiOOH AMIB shows a high energy density and satisfactory mechanical flexibility, which could be woven into a commercial fabric and power for fiber-shaped photoelectric sensors.
{"title":"Modulating selective interaction of NiOOH with Mg ions for high-performance aqueous batteries","authors":"Bing He , Ying Ling , Zhixun Wang , Wenbin Gong , Zhe Wang , Yanting Liu , Tianzhu Zhou , Ting Xiong , Shuai Wang , Yonggang Wang , Qingwen Li , Qichong Zhang , Lei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous Mg-ion batteries (AMIBs) featuring advantages of good safety, low cost, and high specific energy have been recognized as a promising energy-storage technology. However, the performance of AMIBs is consistently limited by sluggish diffusion kinetics and structural degradation of cathode materials arising from the strong electrostatic interactions between high-charge-density Mg<sup>2+</sup> and host materials. Here, layered-structured NiOOH, as traditional cathodes for alkaline batteries, is initially demonstrated to realize proton-assisted Mg-(de)intercalation chemistry with a high discharge platform (0.57 V) in neutral aqueous electrolytes. Benefiting from the unique core/shell structure, the resulting NiOOH/CNT cathodes achieve a high capacity of 122.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and long cycle stability. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the binding energy of hydrated Mg<sup>2+</sup> is higher than that of Mg<sup>2+</sup> with NiOOH, resulting in that Mg<sup>2+</sup> is easily intercalated/de-intercalated into/from NiOOH. Benefiting from the freestanding design, the assembled fiber-shaped “rocking-chair” NaTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>//NiOOH AMIB shows a high energy density and satisfactory mechanical flexibility, which could be woven into a commercial fabric and power for fiber-shaped photoelectric sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100249
The development of new energy storage technology has played a crucial role in advancing the green and low-carbon energy revolution. This has led to significant progress, spanning from fundamental research to its practical application in industry over the past decade. Nevertheless, the constrained performance of crucial materials poses a significant challenge, as current electrochemical energy storage systems may struggle to meet the growing market demand. In recent years, carbon derived from biomass has garnered significant attention because of its customizable physicochemical properties, environmentally friendly nature, and considerable economic value. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the production-application chain for biomass-derived carbon. It provides a comprehensive analysis of morphology design, structural regulation, and heteroatom-doping modification, and explores the operational mechanisms in different energy storage devices. Moreover, considering recent research progress, the potential uses of biomass-derived carbon in alkali metal-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors are thoroughly assessed, offering a broader outlook on the emerging energy sector. Finally, based on the technical challenges that need to be addressed, potential research directions and development objectives are suggested for achieving large-scale production of biomass-derived carbon in the field of energy storage.
{"title":"Versatile carbon-based materials from biomass for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of new energy storage technology has played a crucial role in advancing the green and low-carbon energy revolution. This has led to significant progress, spanning from fundamental research to its practical application in industry over the past decade. Nevertheless, the constrained performance of crucial materials poses a significant challenge, as current electrochemical energy storage systems may struggle to meet the growing market demand. In recent years, carbon derived from biomass has garnered significant attention because of its customizable physicochemical properties, environmentally friendly nature, and considerable economic value. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the production-application chain for biomass-derived carbon. It provides a comprehensive analysis of morphology design, structural regulation, and heteroatom-doping modification, and explores the operational mechanisms in different energy storage devices. Moreover, considering recent research progress, the potential uses of biomass-derived carbon in alkali metal-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors are thoroughly assessed, offering a broader outlook on the emerging energy sector. Finally, based on the technical challenges that need to be addressed, potential research directions and development objectives are suggested for achieving large-scale production of biomass-derived carbon in the field of energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100273
Tao Yang , Dengzhou Jia , Bing Xu , Yongfei Hao , Yanglong Hou , Kang Wang , Enhui Wang , Zhentao Du , Sheng Cao , Kuo-Chih Chou , Xinmei Hou
The utilization of piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on halide perovskite materials has demonstrated significant promise for energy harvesting applications. However, the challenge of synthesizing halide perovskite materials with both high output performance and stability using a straightforward process persists as a substantial obstacle. Herein, we present the fabrication of CsPbI3 nanorods (NRs) exhibiting highly uniform orientation within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers through a simple texture engineering approach, marking the instance of enhancing PENG performance in this manner. The resultant composite fibers showcase a short-circuit current density (Isc) of 0.78 μA cm−2 and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 81 V, representing a 2.5 fold increase compared to the previously reported highest value achieved without the electric poling process. This outstanding output performance is ascribed to the orientation of CsPbI3 NRs facilitated by texture engineering and dipole poling via the self-polarization effect. Additionally, the PENG exhibits exceptional thermal and water stability, rendering it suitable for deployment in diverse and challenging environmental conditions. Our findings underscore the significant potential of textured CsPbI3 NRs composite fibers for powering low-power consumer electronics, including commercial LEDs and electronic watches.
{"title":"Textured CsPbI3 nanorods composite fibers for stable high output piezoelectric energy harvester","authors":"Tao Yang , Dengzhou Jia , Bing Xu , Yongfei Hao , Yanglong Hou , Kang Wang , Enhui Wang , Zhentao Du , Sheng Cao , Kuo-Chih Chou , Xinmei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on halide perovskite materials has demonstrated significant promise for energy harvesting applications. However, the challenge of synthesizing halide perovskite materials with both high output performance and stability using a straightforward process persists as a substantial obstacle. Herein, we present the fabrication of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> nanorods (NRs) exhibiting highly uniform orientation within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers through a simple texture engineering approach, marking the instance of enhancing PENG performance in this manner. The resultant composite fibers showcase a short-circuit current density (<em>I</em><sub>sc</sub>) of 0.78 μA cm<sup>−2</sup> and an open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>oc</sub>) of 81 V, representing a 2.5 fold increase compared to the previously reported highest value achieved without the electric poling process. This outstanding output performance is ascribed to the orientation of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NRs facilitated by texture engineering and dipole poling via the self-polarization effect. Additionally, the PENG exhibits exceptional thermal and water stability, rendering it suitable for deployment in diverse and challenging environmental conditions. Our findings underscore the significant potential of textured CsPbI<sub>3</sub> NRs composite fibers for powering low-power consumer electronics, including commercial LEDs and electronic watches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy density is essential to achieve high-performance batteries in the rapidly evolving field of energy storage technology, which requires consideration of all cell components. Traditional current collectors (CCs) made of metal foil, especially the copper (Cu) current collector of the anode, possess high mass and cost yet do not contribute to capacity. Reducing the weight of Cu CC with minimum thickness and desirable mechanical strength is critical in enhancing energy density but is technically challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a fast and scalable chemical coating method based on electroless plating for fabricating ultralight CC (∼1.72 mg cm−2) with a thin Cu layer (500 nm) on an ultrathin polyethylene (PE) polymer scaffold (5 μm). The ultralight and ultrathin CC possesses high metal purity, high mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and outstanding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion and lithium-metal battery systems. Our ultralight CC only exhibits ∼30% of the weight of 6 μm Cu foil, leading to a 5−10% improvement in cell-level gravimetric energy density without sacrificing volumetric energy density. Moreover, the simplicity and scalability of the chemical coating method make it a promising solution for the mass production of ultra-thin and lightweight current collectors.
在快速发展的储能技术领域，提高电池级重力和体积能量密度对于实现高性能电池至关重要，这需要考虑电池的所有组件。传统的金属箔集电体（CC），尤其是阳极的铜（Cu）集电体，质量大、成本高，但对电池容量没有贡献。在最小厚度和理想机械强度的前提下减轻铜集电体的重量对提高能量密度至关重要，但在技术上却具有挑战性。在此，我们展示了一种基于无电解电镀的快速、可扩展的化学镀方法，用于在超薄聚乙烯（PE）聚合物支架（5 μm）上制造具有薄铜层（500 nm）的超轻 CC（1.72 mg cm）。这种超轻超薄 CC 具有高金属纯度、高机械强度、高热稳定性，在锂离子电池和锂金属电池系统中具有出色的电化学性能。我们的超轻 CC 重量仅为 6 μm 铜箔的 30%，在不牺牲体积能量密度的情况下，可将电池级重力能量密度提高 5-10%。此外，化学镀膜方法的简便性和可扩展性使其成为大规模生产超薄轻质电流收集器的理想解决方案。
{"title":"Fabricating ultralight and ultrathin copper current collectors for high-energy batteries","authors":"Junxiang Liu, Huanhuan Jia, Dang Nguyen, Jingjing Liu, Chengcheng Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy density is essential to achieve high-performance batteries in the rapidly evolving field of energy storage technology, which requires consideration of all cell components. Traditional current collectors (CCs) made of metal foil, especially the copper (Cu) current collector of the anode, possess high mass and cost yet do not contribute to capacity. Reducing the weight of Cu CC with minimum thickness and desirable mechanical strength is critical in enhancing energy density but is technically challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a fast and scalable chemical coating method based on electroless plating for fabricating ultralight CC (∼1.72 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) with a thin Cu layer (500 nm) on an ultrathin polyethylene (PE) polymer scaffold (5 μm). The ultralight and ultrathin CC possesses high metal purity, high mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and outstanding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion and lithium-metal battery systems. Our ultralight CC only exhibits ∼30% of the weight of 6 μm Cu foil, leading to a 5−10% improvement in cell-level gravimetric energy density without sacrificing volumetric energy density. Moreover, the simplicity and scalability of the chemical coating method make it a promising solution for the mass production of ultra-thin and lightweight current collectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100245
Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable energy density contributed by additional anionic redox. However, they always suffer from some undesired problems impeding their further commercialization such as irreversible oxygen loss, transition metal migration, sluggish kinetics and so on. Fortunately, the above issues can be relieved effectively when 3d metal Mn is replaced by 4d metal Ru. We focus on the recent progress of Ru-containing cathode materials and make a detailed summary in this review. At first, we attempt to combine and elucidate the relationship between oxygen and Ru redox. Subsequently, the up-to-date materials of Ru-based cathode materials for Li+/Na+ batteries are concluded systematically. Afterward, the effects of Ru are discussed in depth including enhancing the reversibility of anionic redox and structural stability, modulating the ratio between cationic and anionic redox, improving the kinetics of Li+/Na+, inhibiting the transition metal migration and so on. More importantly, the future designs of Ru-containing cathode materials are also proposed enlighteningly. We hope this review could offer some new perspectives to comprehend the layered oxides involving anionic redox and provide useful guidelines to achieve better Li+/Na+ rechargeable batteries.
{"title":"Characteristics, materials, and performance of Ru-containing oxide cathode materials for rechargeable batteries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable energy density contributed by additional anionic redox. However, they always suffer from some undesired problems impeding their further commercialization such as irreversible oxygen loss, transition metal migration, sluggish kinetics and so on. Fortunately, the above issues can be relieved effectively when 3d metal Mn is replaced by 4d metal Ru. We focus on the recent progress of Ru-containing cathode materials and make a detailed summary in this review. At first, we attempt to combine and elucidate the relationship between oxygen and Ru redox. Subsequently, the up-to-date materials of Ru-based cathode materials for Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> batteries are concluded systematically. Afterward, the effects of Ru are discussed in depth including enhancing the reversibility of anionic redox and structural stability, modulating the ratio between cationic and anionic redox, improving the kinetics of Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>, inhibiting the transition metal migration and so on. More importantly, the future designs of Ru-containing cathode materials are also proposed enlighteningly. We hope this review could offer some new perspectives to comprehend the layered oxides involving anionic redox and provide useful guidelines to achieve better Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> rechargeable batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100250
Soft actuators are constituted by a type of intelligent materials, and they can generate reversible mechanical motions under external stimuli. They usually achieve continuous actuation by manual turning on or off the power supply, which significantly increases the operation complexity. In contrast, self-oscillating actuators can achieve autonomous motions under constant stimuli, and have recently attained great advancements, as well as promoted the development of autonomous soft robotics. In this review, the latest achievements of soft oscillators are summarized. First, the self-oscillating mechanisms mainly including oscillating chemical reactions and self-shadowing-induced mechanical negative feedback loops are discussed. The oscillators constructed with various materials and configurations, driven by different stimuli and applied in different fields are then presented in detail. Finally, the difficulties and hopes of oscillators are presented. Overall, self-oscillating actuators are in the stage of vigorous development, and we believe that in the future, they will be used in various fields and make many scenarios more intelligent and autonomous.
{"title":"Recent advances in flexible self-oscillating actuators","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esci.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft actuators are constituted by a type of intelligent materials, and they can generate reversible mechanical motions under external stimuli. They usually achieve continuous actuation by manual turning on or off the power supply, which significantly increases the operation complexity. In contrast, self-oscillating actuators can achieve autonomous motions under constant stimuli, and have recently attained great advancements, as well as promoted the development of autonomous soft robotics. In this review, the latest achievements of soft oscillators are summarized. First, the self-oscillating mechanisms mainly including oscillating chemical reactions and self-shadowing-induced mechanical negative feedback loops are discussed. The oscillators constructed with various materials and configurations, driven by different stimuli and applied in different fields are then presented in detail. Finally, the difficulties and hopes of oscillators are presented. Overall, self-oscillating actuators are in the stage of vigorous development, and we believe that in the future, they will be used in various fields and make many scenarios more intelligent and autonomous.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100489,"journal":{"name":"eScience","volume":"4 5","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":42.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100269
The discovery of single-atom catalysts (SACs) represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field of catalysis over the past decades. With the in-depth exploration of relevant structure-activity relationships, the metal−support interaction (MSI) is widely adopted to elucidate variations in electronic structure and coordination configuration of atomic active sites on various kinds of supports. Herein, we briefly summarize the metal oxide supports for SACs fabrication, including the distinctive characteristics of metal oxide supports, enlightening advancements in metal oxide support-based SACs (MO-SACs), feasible preparation methods for MO-SACs and effective regulation strategies of MSI effect in MO-SACs. In addition, we present our viewpoints and outlook in this field to stimulate rational design and construction of novel MO-SACs applied in diverse renewable energy devices, while some universal suggestions are sincerely given to provoke thoughtful considerations during the research process.
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