蜜蜂(Apis mellifera,Apidae)对小金莲(Pyrotegia venusta,Bignoniae)的初级花蜜掠夺:行为、掠夺率及其后果

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s10211-021-00383-w
Leandro P. Polatto, Valter V. Alves-Junior
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物与其传粉者之间的相互作用是花属性趋同进化的结果,反映了传粉者施加的压力。尽管如此,花卉游客收集花卉资源的策略极其复杂,除了授粉外,通常还涉及盗窃或抢劫。我们在这里描述了意大利蜜蜂在收集花卉资源期间的行为记录,并评估了在密集和稀疏开花期间意大利蜜蜂对小火龙芽和花朵的掠夺率。我们记录了觅食蜜蜂在收集花卉资源时表现出的行为,量化了花蕾和花冠组织中有穿孔的花朵的数量,并确定了这种损伤是否会减少花蜜的产生。评估是在两个不同的时期进行的:在金星草的强烈开花时期和稀疏开花时期。在采蜜蜜蜂的访视中,93.4%的访视发生了抢蜜现象,而只有0.7%的访视出现了偷蜜现象,5.9%的访视发现了偷花粉现象。被强烈掠夺的花朵分泌的花蜜明显少于未被掠夺的花朵。蜜桃不同寻常的抢蜜活动,尤其是在开花旺盛的时期,表明其获得大量食物资源的途径得到了优化。因此,我们的研究结果表明,在小蜜蜂的强烈开花期,由于蜜腺蜜蜂的高采蜜活性,每花单位的花蜜存在重大限制。
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Primary nectar robbing by Apis mellifera (Apidae) on Pyrostegia venusta (Bignoniaceae): behavior, pillaging rate, and its consequences

The interactions between plants and their pollinators are the result of convergent evolution of floral attributes reflecting pressure exerted by pollinators. Nonetheless, the strategies employed by floral visitors to collect floral resources are extremely complex, and commonly involve theft or robbery in addition to pollination. We describe here the behavioral repertory of Apis mellifera during the collection of the floral resources, and evaluated the robbing rates of A. mellifera on the buds and flowers of Pyrostegia venusta during periods of intense and sparse flowering. We recorded the behaviors exhibited by foraging bees while collecting floral resources, quantified the numbers of floral buds and flowers with perforations in their corolla tissues, and determined whether that damage reduced nectar production. The evaluations were conducted during two distinct periods: during the period of intense flowering of P. venusta, and during the period of sparse flowering. Nectar robbing was observed during 93.4% of the visits of foraging A. mellifera bees, while nectar theft was observed during only 0.7% of the visits, and pollen theft during 5.9%. The robbing of floral buds and flowers was most intense during the period of heavy flowering. Flowers that had been intensely robbed secreted significantly less nectar than those non-robbed. The unusual nectar robbing activities of A. mellifera, especially during the period of intense flowering indicates an optimization of access to larger volumes of food resources. Our results therefore point to a major limitation of nectar per floral unit during the intense flowering period of P. venusta due to the high activity of nectar robbing by A. mellifera bees.

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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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