集合的n个非不动点的置换和n个元素的子集

IF 0.4 4区 数学 Q4 LOGIC Mathematical Logic Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI:10.1002/malq.202300005
Supakun Panasawatwong, Pimpen Vejjajiva
{"title":"集合的n个非不动点的置换和n个元素的子集","authors":"Supakun Panasawatwong,&nbsp;Pimpen Vejjajiva","doi":"10.1002/malq.202300005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We write <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for the cardinalities of the set of permutations with <i>n</i> non-fixed points and the set of subsets with <i>n</i> elements, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number greater than 1. With the Axiom of Choice, <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and <math>\n <semantics>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> are equal for all infinite cardinals <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. We show, in <span>ZF</span>, that if <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is assumed, then <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$[\\mathfrak {a}]^n\\le \\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})\\le [\\mathfrak {a}]^{n+1}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for any infinite cardinal <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. Moreover, the assumption <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> cannot be removed for <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>&gt;</mo>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$n&gt;2$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> and the superscript <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$n+1$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> cannot be replaced by <i>n</i>. We also show under <math>\n <semantics>\n <msub>\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\n <mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <annotation>$\\mbox{\\textsf {AC}}_{\\le n}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> that for any infinite cardinal <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>S</mi>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mo>≤</mo>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mo>[</mo>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <mo>]</mo>\n </mrow>\n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n <annotation>$\\mathcal {S}_n(\\mathfrak {a})\\le [\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> implies <math>\n <semantics>\n <mi>a</mi>\n <annotation>$\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is Dedekind-infinite.</p>","PeriodicalId":49864,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Logic Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The permutations with n non-fixed points and the subsets with n elements of a set\",\"authors\":\"Supakun Panasawatwong,&nbsp;Pimpen Vejjajiva\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/malq.202300005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>We write <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for the cardinalities of the set of permutations with <i>n</i> non-fixed points and the set of subsets with <i>n</i> elements, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, where <i>n</i> is a natural number greater than 1. With the Axiom of Choice, <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> are equal for all infinite cardinals <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. We show, in <span>ZF</span>, that if <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is assumed, then <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$[\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n\\\\le \\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})\\\\le [\\\\mathfrak {a}]^{n+1}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for any infinite cardinal <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. Moreover, the assumption <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> cannot be removed for <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>&gt;</mo>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$n&gt;2$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> and the superscript <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$n+1$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> cannot be replaced by <i>n</i>. We also show under <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <msub>\\n <mtext>AC</mtext>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mbox{\\\\textsf {AC}}_{\\\\le n}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> that for any infinite cardinal <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>S</mi>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>≤</mo>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>[</mo>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <mo>]</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathcal {S}_n(\\\\mathfrak {a})\\\\le [\\\\mathfrak {a}]^n$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> implies <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n <annotation>$\\\\mathfrak {a}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is Dedekind-infinite.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49864,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mathematical Logic Quarterly\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mathematical Logic Quarterly\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/malq.202300005\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"LOGIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mathematical Logic Quarterly","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/malq.202300005","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"LOGIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

我们写S n(a)$\mathcal{S}_n(\mathfrak{a})$和[a]n$[\mathfrak{a}]^n$分别用于具有n个非不动点的排列集和具有n个元素的子集集的基数,基数为$\mathfrak{a}$的集合,其中n是大于1的自然数。关于选择公理,S n(a)$\mathcal{S}_n(\mathfrak{a})$和[a]n$[\mathfrak{a}]^n$对于所有无限基数a$\mathfrak{a}$都相等。我们在ZF中证明,如果假设AC≤n$\mbox{\textsf{AC}}_{\le n}$,则[a]n≤S n(a)≤[a]n+1$[\mathfrak{a}]^n\le\mathcal{S}_n(\mathfrak{a})\le[\mathfrak{a}]^{n+1}$对于任何无穷基数a$\mathfrak{a}$。此外,对于n>;2$n>;2$和上标n+1$n+1$不能用n代替。我们还证明了在AC≤n$\mbox{\textsf{AC}}_,S n(a)≤[a]n$\mathcal{S}_n(\mathfrak{a})\le[\mathfrak{a}]^n$表示$\mathfrak{a}$是Dedekind无穷大。
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The permutations with n non-fixed points and the subsets with n elements of a set

We write S n ( a ) $\mathcal {S}_n(\mathfrak {a})$ and [ a ] n $[\mathfrak {a}]^n$ for the cardinalities of the set of permutations with n non-fixed points and the set of subsets with n elements, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality a $\mathfrak {a}$ , where n is a natural number greater than 1. With the Axiom of Choice, S n ( a ) $\mathcal {S}_n(\mathfrak {a})$ and [ a ] n $[\mathfrak {a}]^n$ are equal for all infinite cardinals a $\mathfrak {a}$ . We show, in ZF, that if AC n $\mbox{\textsf {AC}}_{\le n}$ is assumed, then [ a ] n S n ( a ) [ a ] n + 1 $[\mathfrak {a}]^n\le \mathcal {S}_n(\mathfrak {a})\le [\mathfrak {a}]^{n+1}$ for any infinite cardinal a $\mathfrak {a}$ . Moreover, the assumption AC n $\mbox{\textsf {AC}}_{\le n}$ cannot be removed for n > 2 $n>2$ and the superscript n + 1 $n+1$ cannot be replaced by n. We also show under AC n $\mbox{\textsf {AC}}_{\le n}$ that for any infinite cardinal a $\mathfrak {a}$ , S n ( a ) [ a ] n $\mathcal {S}_n(\mathfrak {a})\le [\mathfrak {a}]^n$ implies a $\mathfrak {a}$ is Dedekind-infinite.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
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发文量
49
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>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Mathematical Logic Quarterly publishes original contributions on mathematical logic and foundations of mathematics and related areas, such as general logic, model theory, recursion theory, set theory, proof theory and constructive mathematics, algebraic logic, nonstandard models, and logical aspects of theoretical computer science.
期刊最新文献
Effectiveness of Walker's cancellation theorem Editorial correction for L. Halbeisen, R. Plati, and Saharon Shelah, “Implications of Ramsey Choice principles in ZF$\mathsf {ZF}$”, https://doi.org/10.1002/malq.202300024 Good points for scales (and more) Wadge degrees of Δ20$\mathbf{\Delta }^0_2$ omega‐powers Issue Information
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