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{"title":"P℘N函数、完备映射与拟群差集","authors":"Nurdagül Anbar, Tekgül Kalaycı, Wilfried Meidl, Constanza Riera, Pantelimon Stănică","doi":"10.1002/jcd.21916","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate pairs of permutations <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <mo>,</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $F,G$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <msup>\n <mi>p</mi>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${{\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> such that <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mrow>\n <mi>x</mi>\n \n <mo>+</mo>\n \n <mi>a</mi>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>−</mo>\n \n <mi>G</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>x</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $F(x+a)-G(x)$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is a permutation for every <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>a</mi>\n \n <mo>∈</mo>\n \n <msub>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <msup>\n <mi>p</mi>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $a\\in {{\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>. We show that, in that case, necessarily <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>x</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>=</mo>\n \n <mi>℘</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>x</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $G(x)=\\wp (F(x))$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> for some complete mapping <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mo>−</mo>\n \n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $-\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math> of <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <msup>\n <mi>p</mi>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${{\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, and call the permutation <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> a perfect <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math> nonlinear (P<math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math>N) function. If <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mo>(</mo>\n \n <mi>x</mi>\n \n <mo>)</mo>\n </mrow>\n \n <mo>=</mo>\n \n <mi>c</mi>\n \n <mi>x</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp (x)=cx$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, then <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is a PcN function, which have been considered in the literature, lately. With a binary operation on <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <msup>\n <mi>p</mi>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </msub>\n \n <mo>×</mo>\n \n <msub>\n <mi>F</mi>\n \n <msup>\n <mi>p</mi>\n \n <mi>n</mi>\n </msup>\n </msub>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${{\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}\\times {{\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> involving <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math>, we obtain a quasigroup, and show that the graph of a P<math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math>N function <math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>F</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\n </semantics></math> is a difference set in the respective quasigroup. We further point to variants of symmetric designs obtained from such quasigroup difference sets. Finally, we analyze an equivalence (naturally defined via the automorphism group of the respective quasigroup) for P<math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <mi>℘</mi>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> $\\wp $</annotation>\n </semantics></math>N functions, respectively, for the difference sets in the corresponding quasigroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":15389,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Combinatorial Designs","volume":"31 12","pages":"667-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"P℘N functions, complete mappings and quasigroup difference sets\",\"authors\":\"Nurdagül Anbar, Tekgül Kalaycı, Wilfried Meidl, Constanza Riera, Pantelimon Stănică\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jcd.21916\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>We investigate pairs of permutations <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <mo>,</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $F,G$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <msup>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${{\\\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> such that <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>x</mi>\\n \\n <mo>+</mo>\\n \\n <mi>a</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>−</mo>\\n \\n <mi>G</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>x</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $F(x+a)-G(x)$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is a permutation for every <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>a</mi>\\n \\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n \\n <msub>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <msup>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $a\\\\in {{\\\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>. We show that, in that case, necessarily <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>x</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>=</mo>\\n \\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>x</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $G(x)=\\\\wp (F(x))$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> for some complete mapping <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>−</mo>\\n \\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $-\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> of <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <msup>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${{\\\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, and call the permutation <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> a perfect <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> nonlinear (P<math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>N) function. If <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mo>(</mo>\\n \\n <mi>x</mi>\\n \\n <mo>)</mo>\\n </mrow>\\n \\n <mo>=</mo>\\n \\n <mi>c</mi>\\n \\n <mi>x</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp (x)=cx$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, then <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is a PcN function, which have been considered in the literature, lately. With a binary operation on <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <msup>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msub>\\n \\n <mo>×</mo>\\n \\n <msub>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n \\n <msup>\\n <mi>p</mi>\\n \\n <mi>n</mi>\\n </msup>\\n </msub>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> ${{\\\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}\\\\times {{\\\\mathbb{F}}}_{{p}^{n}}$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> involving <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>, we obtain a quasigroup, and show that the graph of a P<math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>N function <math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>F</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $F$</annotation>\\n </semantics></math> is a difference set in the respective quasigroup. We further point to variants of symmetric designs obtained from such quasigroup difference sets. Finally, we analyze an equivalence (naturally defined via the automorphism group of the respective quasigroup) for P<math>\\n <semantics>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>℘</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <annotation> $\\\\wp $</annotation>\\n </semantics></math>N functions, respectively, for the difference sets in the corresponding quasigroup.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15389,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Combinatorial Designs\",\"volume\":\"31 12\",\"pages\":\"667-690\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Combinatorial Designs\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcd.21916\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Combinatorial Designs","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcd.21916","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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