警察数据中种族错误分类对种族差异估计的影响

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Criminology Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI:10.1111/1745-9125.12329
Ayobami Laniyonu, Samuel T. Donahue
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引用次数: 5

摘要

关于种族和治安的研究越来越多地利用警察收集的数据来估计警察接触中的种族差异。然而,其中许多数据集依赖于官员对被拦下的人的种族的感知,这可能与这些人的自我认同方式不一致。此外,研究人员经常将警察感知种族的接触数据与自我识别种族的人口普查和调查数据进行比较。我们认为,个人的自我认同方式和官员对他们的分类方式之间的不一致可能会使对种族差异的估计产生偏差。使用一个独特的数据集,我们可以将警察对被拦人员的种族分类与这些人的种族自我认同进行比较,我们描述了行政警察记录中种族错误分类的比率。我们在警方记录中发现了种族错误分类的证据,尤其是在西班牙裔和亚裔/太平洋岛民中。我们发现,在我们的样本中,官员将西班牙裔归类为(非西班牙牙裔)白人是最常见的种族错误分类形式,其实质性后果是显著的。具体而言,我们发现,警察将西班牙裔归类为白人可能会导致分析人士错误地得出结论,认为西班牙族被警察传讯的可能性并不比白人高。
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Effect of racial misclassification in police data on estimates of racial disparities

Research on race and policing increasingly draws upon data collected by police officers to estimate racial disparities in police contact. Many of these data sets, however, rely on officer perception of a stopped person's race, which may be inconsistent with how those individuals self-identify. Furthermore, researchers frequently benchmark contact data where race is perceived by police officers against census and survey data where race is self-identified. We argue that discordance between how individuals self-identify and how they are classified by officers can bias estimates of racial disparities. Using a unique data set, which allows us to compare officers’ racial classification of stopped persons with those same persons’ racial self-identification, we characterize rates of racial misclassification in administrative police records. We find evidence of racial misclassification in police records, especially among Hispanic and Asians/Pacific Islanders. We find that officer classification of Hispanics as (non-Hispanic) White is the most common form of racial misclassification in our sample and that its substantive consequences are significant. Specifically, we find that officer classification of Hispanics as White may lead analysts to incorrectly conclude that Hispanics are no more likely than Whites to be cited by police.

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来源期刊
Criminology
Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Criminology is devoted to crime and deviant behavior. Disciplines covered in Criminology include: - sociology - psychology - design - systems analysis - decision theory Major emphasis is placed on empirical research and scientific methodology. Criminology"s content also includes articles which review the literature or deal with theoretical issues stated in the literature as well as suggestions for the types of investigation which might be carried out in the future.
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