用系统增强早期系统研发能力——理论过程分析

IF 1 4区 工程技术 Q4 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Insight Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI:10.1002/inst.12455
Adam D. Williams
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如今,系统工程面临着一系列挑战,从新的操作环境到颠覆性的技术,这些都需要改进研发工作的方法。然而,强调亚里士多德的论点“整体大于部分的总和”似乎为创造新的R&;D解决方案。引入系统论的涌现性和层次性概念,以及可追溯性、严密性和全面性的分析特征,对指导R&;D策略和开发,以弥合理论问题空间和基于工程的解决方案之间的差距。作为回应,本文将系统理论过程分析(STPA)描述为一个这样的方法的例子,以帮助早期的系统R&;D讨论。STPA是一个“自上而下”的过程,将真实的复杂系统操作抽象为层次控制结构、功能控制回路和控制动作。STPA使用控制回路逻辑来分析控制动作(为期望的系统行为设计)如何被违反,并将复杂系统推向更高风险的状态。通过分析如何不提供所需的控制(或顺序错误或停止得太早)和提供不需要的控制(或者使用时间过长),STPA可以帮助早期系统R&;D通过探索需求和期望的行动如何相互作用来减轻或潜在地增加可能导致不可接受损失的风险状态进行讨论。本文将论证STPA对早期系统R&;D战略和发展讨论,通过描述网络安全、核燃料运输和美国电网性能等多种用例。STPA的可追溯性、严谨性和全面性共同成为改进R&;D战略和发展讨论。利用STPA以及相关的系统工程技术可以有助于早期的R&;D规划和战略发展,以更好地三角化更深层次的理论意义或评估经验结果,更好地为系统工程解决方案提供信息。
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Enhancing Early Systems R&D Capabilities with Systems —Theoretic Process Analysis

Systems engineering today faces a wide array of challenges, ranging from new operational environments to disruptive technological — necessitating approaches to improve research and development (R&D) efforts. Yet, emphasizing the Aristotelian argument that the “whole is greater than the sum of its parts” seems to offer a conceptual foundation creating new R&D solutions. Invoking systems theoretic concepts of emergence and hierarchy and analytic characteristics of traceability, rigor, and comprehensiveness is potentially beneficial for guiding R&D strategy and development to bridge the gap between theoretical problem spaces and engineering-based solutions. In response, this article describes systems–theoretic process analysis (STPA) as an example of one such approach to aid in early-systems R&D discussions. STPA—a ‘top-down’ process that abstracts real complex system operations into hierarchical control structures, functional control loops, and control actions—uses control loop logic to analyze how control actions (designed for desired system behaviors) may become violated and drive the complex system toward states of higher risk. By analyzing how needed controls are not provided (or out of sequence or stopped too soon) and unneeded controls are provided (or engaged too long), STPA can help early-system R&D discussions by exploring how requirements and desired actions interact to either mitigate or potentially increase states of risk that can lead to unacceptable losses. This article will demonstrate STPA's benefit for early-system R&D strategy and development discussion by describing such diverse use cases as cyber security, nuclear fuel transportation, and US electric grid performance. Together, the traceability, rigor, and comprehensiveness of STPA serve as useful tools for improving R&D strategy and development discussions. Leveraging STPA as well as related systems engineering techniques can be helpful in early R&D planning and strategy development to better triangulate deeper theoretical meaning or evaluate empirical results to better inform systems engineering solutions.

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来源期刊
Insight
Insight 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
9.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Official Journal of The British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing - includes original research and devlopment papers, technical and scientific reviews and case studies in the fields of NDT and CM.
期刊最新文献
ISSUE INFORMATION Innovation Ecosystem Dynamics, Value and Learning I: What Can Hamilton Tell Us? Realizing the Promise of Digital Engineering: Planning, Implementing, and Evolving the Ecosystem Requirements Statements Are Transfer Functions: An Insight from Model-Based Systems Engineering Feelings and Physics: Emotional, Psychological, and Other Soft Human Requirements, by Model-Based Systems Engineering
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