极端大小的无尾类动物更容易因气候而灭绝

Anderson Feijó , Catharina M. Karlsson , Russell Gray , Qisen Yang , Alice C. Hughes
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引用次数: 2

摘要

了解物种在长时间尺度上对气候变化的反应有助于阐明过去和未来的灭绝事件。两栖动物是环境最敏感的群体之一,但对白垩纪-古近纪(KPg)大灭绝表现出了很高的抵抗力,这一事件的特点是突然降温和干旱。为了了解这种过去的弹性和相关的过滤机制,我们调查了关键生存特征(体型和生活方式)的进化史,并探索了现代无尾类组合的气候驱动的体型选择性。我们在当今的无尾类动物身上发现了明显的环境限制,极端的温度和高季节性会对极端体型的物种产生不利影响。我们现存的化石系统发育重建表明,KPg周围的无尾类群落大多是中型物种,但大型无尾类物种在KPg灭绝,这与现代无尾类对气候的大小不均的适应性一致。此外,我们发现无尾蛙的冷却期以体型多样化加速为标志,我们推断树栖蛙和被子植物的进化之间有着密切的联系。以现代物种的气候恢复力为基线,我们估计未来的气候变化将对热带无尾类动物产生最大影响,到2100年,多达500种物种可能面临与气候相关的灭绝压力。在这里,我们表明无尾类的体型灭绝选择性在时间和空间上是一致的,极端的气候条件会过滤掉越来越大和越来越小的物种,这种情况在未来可能会越来越普遍。
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Extreme-sized anurans are more prone to climate-driven extinctions

Understanding species responses to climatic change over extended timescales helps elucidate past and future extinction events. Amphibians are one of the most environmentally sensitive groups and yet showed high resilience to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction, an event marked by sudden cooling and drought. To understand this past resilience and the associated filter mechanisms, we investigated the evolutionary history of key survival traits (body size and lifestyle) and explored climate-driven body-size selectivity of modern anuran assemblages. We found clear environment constraints on present-day anurans, where extreme temperatures and high seasonality filter against extreme-sized species. Our fossil-extant phylogenetic reconstruction reveals that anuran assemblages surrounding the KPg were mostly medium-sized species but large anuran species went extinct at the KPg, which is consistent with the uneven size-resilience to climate across modern anurans. Additionally, we found that cooling periods were marked by accelerated body-size diversification in anurans, and we inferred a close association between the evolution of arboreal frogs and angiosperms. Using the climate resilience of modern species as baselines, we estimate that future climate change will impact tropical anurans the most, where up to ∼500 species may face increased climate-related extinction pressure by 2100. Here we show that size-extinction selectivity in anurans is consistent over time and space, with extreme climate conditions filtering out larger and smaller species, conditions of which are likely to become increasingly prevalent in the future.

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