Research and development of antibody-based novel anti-cancer drugs: An overview

Antibody-based drugs have been a significant breakthrough in the field of cancer treatment in recent years with the development of biotechnology in pharmaceuticals. These drugs utilize artificially synthesized antibodies to target specific antigens on cancer cells for targeted therapy. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging classes of antibody-based drugs. Currently, there are five approved BsAbs and fifteen approved ADCs globally for the treatment of various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. BsAbs can target two different antigens, allowing for more precise targeting, increased specificity, and reduced toxicity. ADCs consist of antibody, linker, and payload, offering improved efficacy and reduced side effects. This article provides an overview of approved BsAbs and ADCs globally, including their characteristics, therapeutic targets, indications, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles, aiming to provide insights into the global development of these types of drugs.