Punctuating the other: Graphic cues, voice, and positioning in digital discourse

This article investigates the nested relationship between graphic cues, voice, and positioning in digital discourse. The focus is on the ‘indignation mark’, or <!!1!>, an allographic sign used in German-language discussion boards on Reddit. The study's theoretical backdrop brings research on graphic practices in digitally-mediated communication into dialogue with sociolinguistic approaches to the enactment of group relations in discourse, in particular double-voicing, stylization, and positioning, thereby aiming to foster theory-building on both sides. Data is extracted from a large German-language forum (‘subreddit’) on Reddit and subjected to computational, sequential, and microlinguistic analysis. The findings show how participants in public online discussions use punctuation signs and other graphic cues to animate voices, i.e. ways of speaking that index recognizable social positions and ideologies; how these stylized voices provide a resource for positioning; and how participants display recognition of and alignment to this feature's indexical meaning. The findings also suggest that the ‘indignation mark’ is part of a wider ecology of graphic cues, which evolve constantly to enable multi-voicedness in public digital discourse. Overall, this paper aims to advance our understanding about how graphic elements of digital discourse are indexically and ideologically connected with positioning activities in online communities of practice.