Optimal Expansion Planning Model for Integrated Energy System Considering Integrated Demand Response and Bidirectional Energy Exchange

The challenges of energy shortage and environmental protection motivate people to take various measures to use energy wisely, and integrated energy systems are such a measure to tackle this challenge. In this paper, an optimal expansion planning model for an integrated energy system consisting of power grid, gas network and multiple energy hubs is proposed, where the planning objective is to minimize operational fuel cost and capital investment cost covering carbon capture equipment and energy hubs among others. To demonstrate the advantage of the proposed planning model, six case studies are investigated, and 13.47% annual cost savings can be achieved compared with the baseline planning scenario, which does not consider bidirectional energy exchange and integrated demand response program.