{"title":"爱因斯坦探测卫星FXT焦平面相机的设计与性能","authors":"Weiwei Cui, Hao Wang, Xiaofan Zhao, Juan Zhang, Norbert Meidinger, Yanji Yang, Isabell Keil, Ziliang Zhang, Jia Huo, Juan Wang, Zeyu Song, Fangjun Lu, Jia Ma, Yusa Wang, Jingjing Xu, Yuxuan Zhu, Tianming Li, Wei Li, Laidan Luo, Dawei Han, Zijian Zhao, Dongjie Hou, Xiongtao Yang, Haoyang Geng, Shuo Li, HouLei Chen, QingJun Tang, Yehai Chen, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10686-023-09891-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Einstein Probe (EP) satellite is designed for X-ray time-domain astronomy. The Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) is one of the scientific payloads onboard EP. It will mainly be used for the follow-up X-ray observation, and it will also be used for the sky survey and Target of Opportunity (ToO) observation. The focal plane detector of FXT provided by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) adopts a PNCCD sensor. For detector cooling, a helium pulse tube refrigerator is used, provided by the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), to keep the detector working at a temperature of −90 ± 0.5 °C. The PNCCD driving and data acquisition electronics are developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), CAS. To observe different celestial sources, we designed six filter wheel positions and three scientific operating modes for the PNCCD detector: the full-frame mode, the partial-window mode, and the timing mode. In the full-frame mode, the system frame rate is 20 frame/s and the energy resolution of the whole system reaches 92 eV @ 1.49 keV (FWHM). The frame rate of partial-window mode is 500 frame/s. In the timing mode, the time resolution is about 94 μs. This paper mainly introduces the design and test results of the focal plane camera.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"55 3","pages":"603 - 624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-023-09891-y.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Design and performance of the focal plane camera for FXT onboard the Einstein Probe satellite\",\"authors\":\"Weiwei Cui, Hao Wang, Xiaofan Zhao, Juan Zhang, Norbert Meidinger, Yanji Yang, Isabell Keil, Ziliang Zhang, Jia Huo, Juan Wang, Zeyu Song, Fangjun Lu, Jia Ma, Yusa Wang, Jingjing Xu, Yuxuan Zhu, Tianming Li, Wei Li, Laidan Luo, Dawei Han, Zijian Zhao, Dongjie Hou, Xiongtao Yang, Haoyang Geng, Shuo Li, HouLei Chen, QingJun Tang, Yehai Chen, Yong Chen\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10686-023-09891-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Einstein Probe (EP) satellite is designed for X-ray time-domain astronomy. 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In the full-frame mode, the system frame rate is 20 frame/s and the energy resolution of the whole system reaches 92 eV @ 1.49 keV (FWHM). The frame rate of partial-window mode is 500 frame/s. In the timing mode, the time resolution is about 94 μs. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
爱因斯坦探测器(EP)卫星是为x射线时域天文学设计的。后续x射线望远镜(FXT)是EP上的科学有效载荷之一。它将主要用于后续的x射线观测，也将用于巡天和机会目标(ToO)观测。由马克斯普朗克地外物理研究所(MPE)提供的FXT焦平面探测器采用了PNCCD传感器。探测器冷却采用中国科学院理化技术研究所提供的氦脉冲管制冷机，使探测器在−90±0.5℃的温度下工作。PNCCD驱动和数据采集电子器件由中国科学院高能物理研究所研制。为了观测不同的天体源，我们为PNCCD探测器设计了6种滤光轮位置和3种科学工作模式:全帧模式、部分窗口模式和定时模式。在全帧模式下，系统帧率为20帧/秒，整个系统的能量分辨率达到92 eV @ 1.49 keV (FWHM)。部分窗口模式的帧率为500帧/秒。在定时模式下，时间分辨率约为94 μs。本文主要介绍了焦平面相机的设计和测试结果。
Design and performance of the focal plane camera for FXT onboard the Einstein Probe satellite
The Einstein Probe (EP) satellite is designed for X-ray time-domain astronomy. The Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) is one of the scientific payloads onboard EP. It will mainly be used for the follow-up X-ray observation, and it will also be used for the sky survey and Target of Opportunity (ToO) observation. The focal plane detector of FXT provided by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) adopts a PNCCD sensor. For detector cooling, a helium pulse tube refrigerator is used, provided by the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), to keep the detector working at a temperature of −90 ± 0.5 °C. The PNCCD driving and data acquisition electronics are developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), CAS. To observe different celestial sources, we designed six filter wheel positions and three scientific operating modes for the PNCCD detector: the full-frame mode, the partial-window mode, and the timing mode. In the full-frame mode, the system frame rate is 20 frame/s and the energy resolution of the whole system reaches 92 eV @ 1.49 keV (FWHM). The frame rate of partial-window mode is 500 frame/s. In the timing mode, the time resolution is about 94 μs. This paper mainly introduces the design and test results of the focal plane camera.
期刊介绍：
Many new instruments for observing astronomical objects at a variety of wavelengths have been and are continually being developed. Furthermore, a vast amount of effort is being put into the development of new techniques for data analysis in order to cope with great streams of data collected by these instruments.
Experimental Astronomy acts as a medium for the publication of papers of contemporary scientific interest on astrophysical instrumentation and methods necessary for the conduct of astronomy at all wavelength fields.
Experimental Astronomy publishes full-length articles, research letters and reviews on developments in detection techniques, instruments, and data analysis and image processing techniques. Occasional special issues are published, giving an in-depth presentation of the instrumentation and/or analysis connected with specific projects, such as satellite experiments or ground-based telescopes, or of specialized techniques.
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