Food Selection and Eating Patterns: Themes Found among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the beliefs and perspectives among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus about dietary requirements, food selection and eating patterns, and attitudes about self-management practices.

Design

Semistructured, in-depth interviews explored participants' experiences with diabetes prior to their diagnosis, participants' understanding of the guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes, how participants applied their understanding of dietary guidelines to daily food selection and eating patterns, and the social and personal themes influencing participants' food selection and eating patterns.

Subjects

Interviews were conducted with members of a convenience sample of 45 men and women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year.

Analyses Performed

Interviews were coded using a conceptual matrix derived from participants' statements. Common characteristics were grouped, and broad themes were identified.

Results

Eating patterns were influenced by participants' knowledge of diabetes management. Challenges that participants encountered when applying nutrition recommendations were linked to their prior eating practices. Dietary self-efficacy, social support, and time management were identified as mediating variables that can influence dietary behaviors.

Implications

Diabetes nutrition education programs should increase awareness of eating history, spousal support, and time management practices. Future research should include the refinement and validation of a nutritional management model of diabetes.