美洲及其他地区空气中土壤粉尘对健康和安全的影响

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI:10.1029/2021RG000763
Daniel Q. Tong, Thomas E. Gill, William A. Sprigg, Robert Scott Van Pelt, Alexander A. Baklanov, Bridget Marie Barker, Jesse E. Bell, Juan Castillo, Santiago Gassó, Cassandra J. Gaston, Dale W. Griffin, Nicolas Huneeus, Ralph A. Kahn, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Luis A. Ladino, Junran Li, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Orion Z. McCotter, Pablo A. Méndez-Lázaro, Pierpaolo Mudu, Slobodan Nickovic, Damian Oyarzun, Joseph Prospero, Graciela B. Raga, Amit U. Raysoni, Ling Ren, Nikias Sarafoglou, Andrea Sealy, Ziheng Sun, Ana Vukovic Vimic
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引用次数: 7

摘要

与粉尘危害相关的风险往往被低估,知识库和公众意识之间的差距可能会给受影响的社区带来高昂的代价。本研究综述了泛美区域空气中土壤颗粒(粉尘)的排放源、化学、物理和生物特性及其对人类和环境健康与安全的影响。美洲的沙尘既来自当地(美国西部、墨西哥北部、秘鲁、玻利维亚、智利和阿根廷),也来自非洲和亚洲的长途运输。总结了粉尘的性质,以及与标准空气污染物的趋势和相互作用。人类接触粉尘会对健康产生不良影响,包括哮喘、过敏、真菌感染和过早死亡。在美洲,有充分记录的土壤粉尘的显著影响是它与球孢子菌病(俗称谷热)有关,这是一种因吸入该地区特有的土壤真菌而引起的感染。除人类健康外,粉尘还通过增加浮游植物生物量的营养物质、减少供水并影响食物(作物/水果/蔬菜和即食肉类)的污染物、传播作物和海洋病原体、在家畜和野生动物中引起谷热、运输重金属、放射性核素和微塑料以及减少太阳能和风能发电等方式影响环境健康。扬尘也是公路运输和航空的安全隐患,在美国西南部,扬尘是最致命的天气危害之一。为了减轻有害影响,需要协调区域和国际努力,加强沙尘观测和预报能力、土壤保持措施以及谷热和其他疾病监测。
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Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan-American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long-range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated with adverse health effects, including asthma, allergies, fungal infections, and premature death. In the Americas, a well-documented and striking effect of soil dust is its association with Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, an infection caused by inhalation of soil-dwelling fungi unique to this region. Besides human health, dust affects environmental health through nutrients that increase phytoplankton biomass, contaminants that diminish water supply and affect food (crops/fruits/vegetables and ready-to-eat meat), spread crop and marine pathogens, cause Valley fever among domestic and wild animals, transport heavy metals, radionuclides and microplastics, and reduce solar and wind power generation. Dust is also a safety hazard to road transportation and aviation, in the southwestern US where blowing dust is one of the deadliest weather hazards. To mitigate the harmful effects, coordinated regional and international efforts are needed to enhance dust observations and prediction capabilities, soil conservation measures, and Valley fever and other disease surveillance.

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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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